The light we see from the sun comes from which layer
photosphere
Temperature of the layer of gas that produces the visible light from the sun
5800k
why cant you stand on the sun
the sun doesnt have a solid surface
how many planets can fit in the sun?
little over a million
The density of the Sun is most similar to which object
jupiter
the area in the suns atmosphere above the chromosphere is
the transition zone
wjay percent of incoming energy from the sun reaches the earth
50-70 percent
the solar constant is a measure of
energy recieved by the sun at the location of earth
the luminosity of the sun is a measure of
the total energy of the emitted by the sun in all directions
which is the correct order of the structure of the sun
radiative convection chromosphere
By what mechanism does solar energy reach the Sun's photosphere from the layer just underneath it?
convection
Hydrostatic equilibrium in our Sun is the balance between
gravitation and pressure
The vibrations of the Sun reveal information about
the interior structure of the sun
What two energy transport mechanisms, in order from outside the core to the surface, is found in the Sun?
the Sun is hottest somewhere between its surface and its core
What two energy transport mechanisms, in order from outside the core to the surface, is found in the Sun?
radiative diffusion, convection
What is the size of a typical granule or convection cell seen in the photosphere?
1,000 km
The pattern of rising hot gas cells all over the photosphere is called:
granulation
The outward pressure of hot gas in the Sun
is balanced by the inward gravitational pressure.
When the chromosphere can be seen during a solar eclipse, it appears:
red
From where does most of the solar wind flow?
coronal holes
What is it about the Sun's corona that astronomers don't understand?
The corona is much hotter than layers of the Sun that are closer to the solar interior.
When we glimpse the chromosphere at the start and end of totality, its color is
red, due to ionized hydrogen at lower pressure.
The percentage (by mass) of the Sun that is Hydrogen is about
71
The percentage (by number of atoms) of the Sun that is Hydrogen is about
91
The percentage (by mass) of the Sun that is Helium is about
27
A loop of gas following the magnetic field lines between sunspots' poles is
prominence
How long does the sunspot cycle last, on average?
11yrs
Visible sunspots lie in the
granulation in the photosphere.
As the Sun rotates, an individual sunspot can be tracked across its face. From eastern to western limb, this takes about
2weeks
The most striking example of solar variability was the
Maunder Minimum from 1645-1715.
sunspots
come in pairs, representing the north and south magnetic fields.
Sunspots are dark splotches on the Sun. Which statement is true?
They are extremely hot, but cooler than the surrounding areas of the Sun.
How would sunspots appear if you could magically remove them from the Sun?
They would shine bright orange in color, like Arcturus.
While observing the Sun, you note a large number of sunspots. What can you conclude?
There are likely to be an above average number of flares and prominences.
The numbers of sunspots and their activity peak about every:
11yrs
Loops of glowing hydrogen seen hanging over the solar limb during totality are:
prominences
During a period of high solar activity, the corona
is more irregular
The solar winds blow outward from
cotonal holes
Which of these are not associated with the active Sun?
granulation
Suppose a large flare is detected optically. How long until radio interference arrives?
simultaneously
Which of the following is NOT a property of neutrinos?
cannot interact at all with normal matter
The critical temperature the core must reach for a star to shine by fusion is
10 million K.
In the proton-proton cycle, the helium atom and neutrino have less mass than the original hydrogen. What happens to the "lost" mass?
its converted to energy
The primary source of the Sun's energy is
the strong force fusing hydrogen into helium.
In the proton-proton cycle, the positron is
an anti-electron.
What natural barrier tries to prevent two protons from combining?
electromagnetic repulsion
The critical temperature to initiate the proton-proton cycle in the cores of stars is:
10 million K.
Which is the net result of the proton-proton chain?
4 protons = 1 helium 4 + 2 neutrinos + gamma rays
The speed of light is 3.00 � 108 m/s. If 2.00 kg of mass is converted to energy, how much energy will be produced?
1.80 �1017 J