Astro

Briefly describe the six key properties that appear to be shared by most living organism on Earth.

Order: " Living organisms exhibit order in their internal structure "
Reproduction :organisms create more members of their species
Growth and Development : that organisms go through different stages in the coarse of their lifetime "determined at least in

What is natural selection? Summarize the logic by which Darwin came to
the "Inescapable conclusion" that evolution occurs by natural
selection. Describe some of the evidence that supports Darwin's theory
of evolution.

Natural selection is the idea that some hereditary traits eventually become
a dominant trait of the majority of the population these traits will be passed down into successive generations.Natural selection explains how species can change in what we might

Briefly describe each of the four main classes of cellular molecules:
carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. What are enzymes,
and where do they fit into this picture?

Carbohydrates are energy sources and structural components for life. Lipids(fats) are primarily a way to store energy. Proteins(type of enzyme) are complex organic molecules and fill a variety of rolls, from structures to catalysts. Nucleic acids are the

What is metabolism, and what are the two basic metabolic needs of any
organism? Explain the four metabolic classifications listed in Table
5.1

Metabolism is a term used to describe the myriad of chemical reactions necessary for life, with a view toward energy generation/usage and rebuilding/repairing of structural components. All organisms require a source of raw material, such as carbon, and a

Why is water so important to life on Earth? List the three major roles
that water plays in metabolism.

Water is critical to life on Earth because it plays three key roles in metabolism. These are (1) allowing organic chemicals necessary for life to float or be dissolved within cells, (2) a method to transport chemicals and waste to and from the cells, and

Natural selection is the name given to

the mechanism by which advantageous traits are
preferentially passed on from parents to offspring

An organism's heredity is encoded in

DNA

People belong to domain

eukarya

when did life begin ?

Stromatolite and sulfur isotopes evidence tell us that life existed by 3.5 billion ears ago : micro-fossil evidence is consistent with this view . Carbon and other isotopes evidence may pusj the time back to more than 3.85 billion years ago. Life must hav

What did early life look like ?

Alothough early life is long gone , genetic comparisons allow us to determine which modern organisms are evolutionary oldest , suggesting that they are the most similar to early life . These studies suggest that early life looked like some species bacteri

Where did life begin ?

The origin of life would of required a source of chemical energy leading scientist to suggest warm ponds , volcanic hot springs, or deep-sea vents . N one knows which is most likely although impacts make it probable that a common ancestor lived in the dee

How did life begin ?

According to the laboratory studies , the most likely scenario holds that organic molecules , either produced chemically or brought here from space , were found in ocean locations where clay and other minerals were common . Clay helped catalyze the buildi

what are extremophiles ? give serval examples of organism that live in extreme enviroments . What are the implications of the exsistence of the extremophiles for the search for extraterrestrial life ?

a extremphiles is an orgainsm that life under the extra conditions such as hydrothermo vents (under high pressure and temperature) ,consider oxygen to be poinus

How can DNA be repulicated

unzips in the middle and uses each side as a template to make another copy

why do we say life is carbon based ?

...

What are the general propetries of life on Earth?

6 keys properties
1.Order
2.Reproduction
3.Growth and Development
4.Energy Utilization
5. Resoponse to the Enviroment
6.Evolutionary adaptiation

What role of evolution in defining life ?

The theroy of evolution , which is basically all naturall selection that happen over a long period of time , is the main prinicple in modern technology . It is so important because it succesfully explains all the questions of life , like the observations

What is life ?

Life is something that can reproduce ( not necessarliy through sex ) and evolve through natural selection .

What are livng cells

The basic building blocks of life . They serpeate the living matter inside of it from the outside world . The barrier between them is the cell membrane

What are the molcular componets of life

there are 4 major componets of life :Carbonhydrates ,lipids ,protien, nuclic acids .

carbohydrates

sugars and starches that provide energy and build many cellualar structures

lipids (fats)

store energy

proteins aka enzymes

they acct as a catalyst which speeds up the chemical reactions

nucleic acid (DNA, RNA)

play important roles for hereidty , life only build proteins only from left -handed versions of amino acides , which is evidence that life must have had a common ancestor

what are the major grouping of life on Earth ?

The 3 domains :Bacteria , Archea, Eukaraya, tree of life shows it relationship with everbranch and traces back to one common ancestor ,plants and animals and a small branch or Eurkaraya

What are the basic metabolic needs of life

life requires
1. a suorce of raw materials to build cellular strucures with carbon as the most important material needed
2.a suorce of energy to fuel metabolic processes.

how do we classify life by its metabolic sorces

either by heterotrph or autotroph...by subclassifying theese we have "photo" which means the energy comes from the sun light and the prfix "chemo" for life that gets energy either from eating or inorganically chemical reactions

heterotroph

gets its carbon by eating

autotroph

takes carbon directly from the enviroment in the form of atmospheric or dissloved carbon dioxide

How does the DNS structure of DNA allows for its replication

the DNA is double helix the consits of 2 strans connected b 4 DNA bases T attaches to A, C attaches to G, so when they spilt they serve as a template for another copy of the original one

How is hereidty encoded in the DNA ?

the order of the DNA bases give of "instructions " to assemble proteins and other cell functions

Gene

a segment of DNA that encodes fro a single cell function or protein

genome

the complete base sequence of an organism

genitic code

The language use to translate from the base sequence into proteins

How does life evolve ?

since there is mistakes in coping DNA this causes mutations that are lethal or have no effect at all , some carry very few benifits that can be given off to the next generation wen the DNA replicatess

What kinds of conditions can life survive ?

an organism called extremphiles , include microbes , that can survive in tempertares above normal boilint point of water , dry desserts of antarica , deep underground tiny pores of rocks , ad even exposed to high level of radiation,can be more common in t

When did life begin?

well stromatilight and sulfur isotopes give us evidence that life has exsisteed about 3.5 billion years ago which is supported by microfossi evidence :Carbon and othe isotoped says that it could have been 3.85 billion years ago

What did early life look like

Well generatic comarisms allow us to have an idea how modern life evolutionary from the old common ancestor ,,some species of bactires and archae

Where did life begin ?

well the origin of life needed so sort of chemical energy , giving us the hypthesis that it could of been a deep seavent , volcanic hot spring or somewhere like that . but with the asteriod impacts it is a good chance that life stated under and deep in th

How did life begin

they were either produced chemically or brought here from outer space ,were found in oceans locatins where clay and other minerals were common . Clay helped catalyze the building of RNA strands ,which allowed RNA to self repilcate and later evolve into DN

Could life have migrates to Earth ?

it could either come from Venus or Mars if it survives the journey t earth and then take a living near a deep vents , but longer journey highly unlikely

What major events have marked evolutionary history ?

life was microscopic for about 2 billion years until the orgin of oxygen -producing photosynthesis ,which released oxygen in our atmosphere, and the evolution of cell nuclei and other complex structures in Eukaryotes .Multicellar animals diversified in th

why was the rise of oxygen so important to evoluton ?

The Aerobic process , usinf oxygen ,offer the possiblity of more efficient cellalar energy production than anaerobic process , and with this is can lead to a much greater evolution diversitifaction.began about 2.5 billion years ago

Did am impact kill the dinosaurs

it may not be the only souce of mass extinction about 65 million ago with the dinosausrs

Did impacts cause other mass extinctions ?

at least 5 mass extinctions have ocureed in the 500 millions yearson K-T extincitions has a link to an impact , other souces can be from active volcanism, seve climate changes , change in mutation rates gamma rays burts

How did we elvolve ?

Humans share a common ancestor wit modern gorillas and chimpanzees and ancestor that lived between 6 to 8 million years ago , the earliest Homo Sapiens emerged aboit 100,000 years ago

Are we stil evolving ?

Genetically humans have probably changes little in at least the past 40,000 years . However we are now changing through cultural evoltuion and technological evolution

culture evolution

changes that arise the transmission pf knowledge accumlated over generations , ex : we can transmit our history, both speak and write in langueages,know how to build and invent stuff based off of other human experience not through our genes

technological evolution

the incrase of technolgy which helps us undertand and do more things than before for example better understanding in bilogical evolution or to