Chapter 3 Part 1 9 Weeks A&P

Mitochondria

The organelle that produces energy for the cell

Cytoplasm

The gel-like material found between the nucleus and the cell membrane

Exocytosis

The active transport process in which a cell forms and vesicle around a substance and takes it out of the cell

Vesicles

A membrane-enclosed sac used by the cell for storage and transportation of materials

Nucleus

The "control center" of the cell that contains all of the cell's genetic information

Golgi apparatus

The organelle that packages protein substances so that they can be shipped out of the cell

Diffusion

A passive transport process in which molecules move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration

Mitosis

A step by step process in which a cell prepares itself to divide into two identical cells

Filtration

A passive transport process in which the force of a fluid causes molecules to pass through the cell membrane

Endoplasmic Reticulum

A system of canals that are used to transport substances throughout the cell

Cytokinesis

The process in which the cell splits in two

Pinocytosis

The active transport process in which the cell forms a vesicle around a liquid or solute and moves in through the cell membrane

Nucleouis

The organelle located in the nucleus that is responsible for controlling protein synthesis

Osmosis

The diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane

Chromatin

The genetic material, composed mostly of protein and DNA, that makes up the nucleus

Lysosomes

Tiny sacs of enzymes that travel around in the cell getting rid of waste and other unwanted materials

facilitated diffusion

A passive transport process in which the molecules are helped through the membrane by way of a protein channel

Phagocytosis

The active transport process in which the cell forms a vesicle around a solid and moves it through the cell membrane

Organelles

Tiny cell structures that each have a specific function to perform

Endocytosis

The active transport process in which cells forms a vesicle around a substance and moves it into the cell

Ribosomes

The organelles that produce protein for the cell

Cytoskeleton

A thread-like network of fibers within the cytoplasm that gives the cell some framework and support

It only allows certain things through the membrane

What is meant by the term "selectively permeable"?

Metaphase

During which phase of mitosis do the chromatids attach to the spindles along the cell's equator?

Smooth E.R.

Which type of endoplasmic reticulum lacks ribosomes?

That way the chromatids have something to latch onto so they don't get lost

In prophase, why must the spindle fibers form before the nuclear membrane disappears?

Active transport

Which type of transport process requires the cell to use some of its own energy?

Centrioles

Spindle fibers between what two pairs of structures?

In the rough E.R.

Where in the cell would you find most of the ribosomes?

Chromatin

What condenses in the nucleus to form the chromatids?

Protein synthesis

What can take place in the rough E.R. That can't in the smooth E.R.?

The nuclear membrane

What must form around the chromatids before they can change back into chromatin?

They disappear

What happens to the spindle fibers and centrioles after the twin chromatids have moves to opposite ends of the cell?

Growing

What is the cell doing most of the time it's in interphase?

Cytoplasm, nucleus, and the plasmic membrane

And are three main parts of a typical cell?

Interphase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase

List, from first to last, the five phases of mitosis