CHEMICAL messengers that are synthesized, stored, and released into the blood by endocrine glands and certain other cells.
Hormones
Body structures specialized for releasing hormones into the blood.
Endocrine glands
Hormones are ultimately involved with _____________ _______________ and degradation mechanisms that are apart of the _______________ adaptations
protein synthesis, muscle
The INABILITY of a hormone to INTERACT with a receptor is called _____________________________
downregulation
STEROID HORMONE INTERACTIONS
- Fat soluble and passively diffuse across the ___________ _________________
-Typical steroid _______________ into a target cell by either testosterone in ______________ _______________ or dihydrotestosterone in sex-linked tis
Cell membrane, migration, skeletal muscle
-Made of chains of amino acids
Examples: growth hormone and insulin
Polypeptide (Peptide) Hormone Interactions
-Synthesized from the amino acid _______________ (e.g., epinephrine, dopamine) or tryptophan (serotonin)
-Bind to membranes via __________________ messengers
-Not regulated by ______________ _______________
tyrosine, secondary, negative feedback
Hormones are secreted ____________, ____________, and __________ the resistance exercise bout due to the ____________________ stress of resistance exercise.
before, during, after, physiological
A COMBINATION of DIFFERENT mechanisms are thought to stimulate ______________________
Hypertrophy
Physiological mechanisms that contribute to changes in PERIPHERAL BLOOD CONCENTRATIONS of hormones with exercise:
-Circadian pattern
-Fluid volume shifts
-Tissue clearance rates
-Venous pooling of blood
-Hormone interactions with binding proteins
LARGE MUSCLE GROUP EXERCISES using an adequate volume of total _________ result in acute _______________total _________________concentrations in men.
Work, Increased, Testosterone
-WOMEN have about ________ to ________-fold LOWER concentrations of circulating ___________________ than men.
15 to 20, Testosterone
-Important for the NORMAL DEVELOPMENT of a child
-Appears to play a vital role in ADAPTING to the STRESS of resistance training
Growth Hormone
-Has a greater effect on Type II fibers than Type I fibers.
Cortisol