Chapter 1, Section 2, Cells

Cell Wall

A rigid layer of nonliving material that surrounds the cell

cellulose

The Cell Wall is made of ___________, the most abundant carbohydrate on Earth

Animals

_____________ do not have cell walls

protects

The cell wall ___________ and supports the cell

pass

Water, oxygen, proteins, etc can _____________ through cell walls

Cell Membrane

Controls what enters and leaves the cell (selectively permeable)

inside

The Cell Membrane is located just __________ the cell wall

harmful

The Cell Membrane protects the cell by keeping ___________ materials out

Bi-layer

The Cell Membrane is the ___________ of phospholipids

Nucleus

the control center of the cell, the brain of the cell

Nuclear Envelope

The nucleus has its own special membrane called the ______________ _____________

pores

Materials pass into and out of the nucleus through nuclear _________, small holes in the membrane

Chromatin

The DNA is found in the nucleus as long, threadlike strands

controller

The chromatin tells the cell what to do, it is the in the _______________control room (RNA)

Nucleolus

Small, dense region inside the nucleus

ribosomes

Nucleolus makes _____________

cytoplasm

the region between the cell membrane and the nucleus

Mitochondria

The cell's powerhouse

oxygen

The Mitochondria converts food molecules (glucose) to energy with ______________

Endoplasmic Reticulum

A series of pathways and tubes that carry proteins from one region of the cell to another

internal

The Endoplasmic Reticulum are the ___________ transport system of the cell

Rough

Two types of the Endoplasmic Reticulum are Smooth and ___________

Ribosomes

small organelles that can be found floating in the cytoplasm or attached to the ER

factories

Ribosomes are small "_____________" that make proteins w/Rna from the nucleolus

Golgi Bodies

Look like a stack of flattened stacks and
Receive proteins & other materials from ER & package for redistribution

ship

Golgi Bodies are the FedEx of the cell, can _______ materials to other parts of the cell or to other cells

Chloroplasts

Capture energy from the sun and convert it into chemical energy (glucose) through photosynthesis

plant

Chloroplasts are found only in _______ cells

Vacuoles

Storage organelles

one

Plant cells usually have _____ large vacuole

Lysosomes

Small organelles containing enzymes and other chemicals.
Break down food, wastes, old organelles, etc

kill

Lysosomes can _______ the cell when needed

Specialized cells

Cells become specialized in multicellular organisms

Stem cells

cells that have not yet specialized & can become any type of cell

Bacterial cells

Smaller than plant, animal, fungal, or protist cells. They do not have a nucleous

Eukaryotic Cells

Cells with a nucleus are called _____________________

Prokaryotic Cells

Cells with no nucleus are called ___________________

Cell Wall

A rigid layer of nonliving material that surrounds the cell

cellulose

The Cell Wall is made of ___________, the most abundant carbohydrate on Earth

Animals

_____________ do not have cell walls

protects

The cell wall ___________ and supports the cell

pass

Water, oxygen, proteins, etc can _____________ through cell walls

Cell Membrane

Controls what enters and leaves the cell (selectively permeable)

inside

The Cell Membrane is located just __________ the cell wall

harmful

The Cell Membrane protects the cell by keeping ___________ materials out

Bi-layer

The Cell Membrane is the ___________ of phospholipids

Nucleus

the control center of the cell, the brain of the cell

Nuclear Envelope

The nucleus has its own special membrane called the ______________ _____________

pores

Materials pass into and out of the nucleus through nuclear _________, small holes in the membrane

Chromatin

The DNA is found in the nucleus as long, threadlike strands

controller

The chromatin tells the cell what to do, it is the in the _______________control room (RNA)

Nucleolus

Small, dense region inside the nucleus

ribosomes

Nucleolus makes _____________

cytoplasm

the region between the cell membrane and the nucleus

Mitochondria

The cell's powerhouse

oxygen

The Mitochondria converts food molecules (glucose) to energy with ______________

Endoplasmic Reticulum

A series of pathways and tubes that carry proteins from one region of the cell to another

internal

The Endoplasmic Reticulum are the ___________ transport system of the cell

Rough

Two types of the Endoplasmic Reticulum are Smooth and ___________

Ribosomes

small organelles that can be found floating in the cytoplasm or attached to the ER

factories

Ribosomes are small "_____________" that make proteins w/Rna from the nucleolus

Golgi Bodies

Look like a stack of flattened stacks and
Receive proteins & other materials from ER & package for redistribution

ship

Golgi Bodies are the FedEx of the cell, can _______ materials to other parts of the cell or to other cells

Chloroplasts

Capture energy from the sun and convert it into chemical energy (glucose) through photosynthesis

plant

Chloroplasts are found only in _______ cells

Vacuoles

Storage organelles

one

Plant cells usually have _____ large vacuole

Lysosomes

Small organelles containing enzymes and other chemicals.
Break down food, wastes, old organelles, etc

kill

Lysosomes can _______ the cell when needed

Specialized cells

Cells become specialized in multicellular organisms

Stem cells

cells that have not yet specialized & can become any type of cell

Bacterial cells

Smaller than plant, animal, fungal, or protist cells. They do not have a nucleous

Eukaryotic Cells

Cells with a nucleus are called _____________________

Prokaryotic Cells

Cells with no nucleus are called ___________________