taxonomy
the naming and classification of an organism
Carlos Linnaeus
the swedish biologist who developed a two-word naming system by growing organisms by their physical characteristics in 1750
binomial nomenclature
two-named wording system
quercus alba
white oak tree can be identified as a...
taxon
a group of organisms in the classification system
two-named naming system
binomial nomenclature means...
genus
includes one or more physically similar species thought to be closely related
capitalized
in binomial nomenclature, the first name is the genus which is always...
lower cased
the second name in binomial nomenclature is the species which is always...
italics/underlined
the binomial nomenclature must be written in _______ or __________
homo sapien
the binomial nomenclature of a human being is...
Dear King Philip Came Over For Good Spaghetti
the way to remember the order and parts of the classification system is...
most inclusive
the top taxon in the classification system is the...
genus/species
the last two taxon in the classification system are _____ and _______
convergent evolution
similar traits in both organisms but they evolved independently of each other (NOT from a common ancestor) is called...
wings of birds and insects/body plans of dolphins and sharks
common examples of convergent evolution are...
biological species
a group of interbreeding populations that can reproduce and are isolated from other such groups is...
hybrid
results when individuals of different species interbreed and produce offspring
phylogeny
the evolutionary history for a group of species
bacteria, archaea, and eukaryote
the three domains of life are...
bacteria
domain ________ is one of the largest groups on earth
shape and need for oxygen and diseases they can cause
bacteria causes disease and are classified by...
cell walls
domain archaea have ____ _____ chemically different from bacteria
domain archaea
known for living in extreme environments
domain eukarya
which domain includes a protista, plantae, fungi and animalia...
eubacteria
live in and on the body (causes disease)
archaeabacteria
live in extreme environments (hydrothermal vents)
protists
1. plant like
2. animal like
3. fungus like
fungus
detrivores (decomposers)
plant
carry out photosynthesis
animal
1. vertebrates
2. invertebrates
reproduction
binary fission and mitosis are examples of
flagella
used for movement
not
obligate anaerobes can ___ live in the presence of oxygen
metabolism
all of the chemical reactions in a cell
pathogenic
type of obligate anaerobe that requires oxygen to carry out chemical reactions
facultative
anaerobe that can survive without oxygen
plasmids
small DNA molecules within a bacteria cell that is physically separated from its chromosomal (main) DNA
replicate
plasmids are able to _________ on their own.
cell wall
bacteria have a...
positive
gram ________ have a thick layer of peptidoglycan and are more susceptible to antibiotics.
negative
gram ________ are more resistant to antibiotics.
capsule
outer layer on many bacteria that surrounds the cell wall and cell membrane of a bacteria cell
rod-shaped
bacillus is...
round
coccus is...
spiral
spirillum is...
endospore
form in bacterial cells when they are exposed to harsh conditions: for example, drought or high temperatures
protect
the endospores _______ the bacterial DNA.
pili
hair-like structures that allow bacteria to stick to surfaces. they can also be used to exchange genetic material through the process of conjugation.
pathogens
any disease-causing agent (example: viruses and bacteria)
virus
an infectious particle that is made up of DNA or RNA and a protein coat
viroid
made up of only RNA
plants
viroids cause disease in...
prion
made of proteins and causes misfoldings of other proteins (example: mad cow disease)
non-living
viruses are _________ organisms. they do not grow, do not have homeostasis, do not metabolize, and they do not have proteins to sustain life
nucleic acid
all viruses are made up of ___________ and a protein coat
capsids
protein coats are know as...
membrane (envelope)
some viruses have a third structure called a ________ that surrounds the capsid. it has little spikes which help it to attach to host cells.
poison
virus means...
helical virus and polyhedral virus
viruses that infect eukaryotic cells and cause infections like rabies and influenza.
bacteriophages
viruses that infect prokaryotic cells like bacteria
punching a hole
a bacteriophages infect bacteria by ___________________ in the bacteria's cell wall
tiny rips
plant viruses enter through ________ in the cell wall.
endocytosis
animal viruses enter cells through...
infection, replication and destruction
the mythic cycle is a cycle of...
burst
a lythic infection will cause the host cell to...
autotrophic
to carry out most of the worlds photosynthesis
cyanobacteria
blue-green bacteria
chemoautotrophic bacteria
obtain energy through chemosynthesis of inorganic materials
heterotrophic bacteria
live off living organisms, for example E. coli, and are the principle decomposers of the world. they break down dead organic materials.
bacteria
invading tissues and making toxins causes diseases from...
organism
a toxin is a bacteria made by an....
metabolize
bacteria can _________ host
acne
bacteria metabolize oil produced on hosts skin
toxins
bacteria may secrete .....
antibiotics
work by preventing formation of cell walls
soap&water or boiling water
most bacteria can be killed by....
Alexander Fleming
British bacteriologist who noticed fungus of genus
penicillium
grows on bacterial culture
are not affective against viruses
Antibiotics interfere with bacterial cellular processes but ...
resistance
bacteria gain __________to antibiotics