noncommunicable disease
disease that is not transmitted by another person, a vector, or the environment
cardiovascular disease
disease that affects the heart or blood vessels
hypertension
high blood pressure
atherosclerosis
process which plaques accumulate on artery walls
angina pectoris
chest pain that results when the heart does not get enough oxygen
arrhythmais
irregular heartbeats
ventricular fibrillation
type of arrhythmias where the electrical impulses regulating heart rhythm become rapid or irregular
heart attack
damage to the heart muscle caused by reduced or blocked blood supply
congestive heart failure
heart gradually weakens until it cannot maintain its regular pumping rate and force
stroke
arterial blockage interrupts flow of blood to brain
cerebral hemorrhage
blood vessel in brain bursts causing blood to spread into surrounding brain tissue
Controllable Risk factors for CVD
tobacco use, high blood pressure, high cholesterol, physical inactivity, excess weight, stress, drug and alcohol use
Non controllable Risk factors for CVD
heredity, gender, age
cancer
uncontrollable growth of abnormal cells
tumor
abnormal mass of tissues that has no natural role in the body
benign
noncancerous
malignant
cancerous
metastasis
spread of cancer from the point where it originated to other parts of the body
carcinogen
cancer-causing substance
remission
period of time when symptoms disappear
lymphomas
cancer of immune system
leukemias
cancer of blood-forming organs
carcinomas
cancer of glands and body linings (skin, lining of digestive tract, lungs)
sarcomas
cancer of connective tissue (bones, ligaments, muscle)
risk factors for cancer
tobacco use, sexually transmitted diseases, dietary factors, radiation
biopsy
removal of small piece of tissue for examination
treating cancer methods
surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, immunotherapy, hormone therapy
allergy
specific reaction of the immune system to a foreign and frequently harmless substance
histamines
chemicals that can stimulate mucus
asthma
inflammatory condition which small airway in lungs become narrowed causing difficulty in breathing
diabetes
chronic disease that affects the way body cells convert food into energy
autoimmune disease
condition in which immune system mistakenly attacks itself, targeting the cells, tissues, and organs of a person's own body
arthritis
group of more than 100 different diseases that cause pain and loss of movement in the joints
osteoarthritis
disease of the joints in which cartilage breaks down
rheumatoid arthritis
disease characterized by the debilitating destruction of the joints due to inflammation
allergen
substances that cause allergies
managing asthma
monitor the condition, manage the environment, manage stress, take medication
type 1 diabetes
body does not produce insulin and glucose builds up in blood, starving cells of energy
type 2 diabetes
body is unable to make enough insulin or to use insulin properly
reduce risk of osteoarthritis
controlling weight, preventing sports injuries, protecting against Lyme disease