Nutrition
is the process by which your body takes in and uses food.
Nutrients
are substances in food that your body needs to grow, to repair itself, and
to supply you with energy.
Calorie
is a unit of heat used to measure the energy your body uses and the energy it receives from food.
Hunger
is the natural physical drive to eat, prompted by the body's need for food.
Appetite
is the psychological desire for food.
Carbohydrates
are starches and sugars found in foods which provide your body's main source of energy.
Proteins
are nutrients the body uses to build and maintain its cells and tissues.
Cholesterol
is a waxy, fat like substance in your blood.
Osteoporosis
a condition in which the bones become fragile and break easily.
Dietary Guidelines for Americans
are a set of recommendations about smart eating and physical activity for all Americans.
MyPyramid
an interactive guide to healthful eating and active living.
Nutrient-dense foods
have a high ratio of nutrients to calories.
Food additives
substances added to a food to produce a desired effect.
Organic
are produced without the use of certain agricultural chemicals, such as synthetic fertilizers or pesticides.
Pasteurization
is treating a substance with heat to kill or slow the growth of pathogens.
Food allergy
is a condition in which the body's immune system reacts to substance in some foods.
Food intolerance
a negative reaction to food that doesn't involve the immune system.
Calories
are units used to measure the energy found in food.
Metabolism
the process by which the body breaks down substances and gets
energy from food.
Body mass index (BMI)
a measure of body weight relative to height.
Overweight
heavier than the standard weight range for your height.
Obese
having an excess of body fat.
Underweight
below the standard weight range for your height.
Body image
the way you see your body.
Fad Diets
weight-loss plans that tend to be popular for only a short time.
Weight cycling
a repeated pattern of losing and regaining body weight.
Anorexia Nervosa
is an eating disorder in which an irrational fear of weight gain lead people to starve themselves.
Bulimia Nervosa
is a eating disorder that involves cycles of overeating and purging, or attempts to rid the body of food.
Binge Eating Disorder
is an eating disorder in which people overeat compulsively.
Vegetarian
is a person who eats mostly or only plant-based foods.
Dietary supplements
products that supple one or more nutrients as supplements to , not a substitute for, healthful foods.
Performance enhancers
substances that boost athletic ability.
Herbal supplements
dietary supplements containing plant extracts.
Megadoses
taking a very large amounts of any supplement.
Physical activity
is any form of movement that causes your body to use energy.
Physical fitness
the ability to carry out daily tasks easily and have enough reserve energy to respond to unexpected demands.
exercise
purposeful physical activity that is planned, structured, and repetitive, and that improves or maintains physical fitness.
Sedentary
involving little physical activity.
Cardiorespiratory endurance
is the ability of your heart, lungs, and blood vessels to send fuel and oxygen to your tissues during long periods of moderate to vigorous activity.
Muscular Strength
is the amount of force your muscles can exert.
Muscular endurance
is the ability of you muscles to perform physical tasks over a period of time without tiring.
Flexibility
is the ability to move your body parts through their full range of motion.
Body Composition
the ratio of fat to lean tissue in your body.
Aerobic exercise
includes all rhythmic activities that use large muscle groups for an extended period of time.
Anaerobic exercise
intense, short bursts of activity in which the muscles work so hard that they produce energy without using oxygen.
Isometric exercises
use muscle tension to improve strength with little or no movement of the body part. (pushing against a wall)
Isotonic exercises
combine movement of the joints with contraction of the muscles. (free weight or pull-up, and sit-ups)
Isokinetic exercises
exert resistance against a muscle as it moves through a rage of motion at a steady rate of speed.(weight machines)
Overload
means exercising at a level that's beyond your regular daily activities.
Progression
means gradually increasing the demands on your body.
Regularity
means working out on a regular basis.
Warm-Up
is gentle cardiovascular activity that prepares the muscles for work.
Workout
is the part of an exercise session when you are exercising at your highest peak.
Cool-down
is low-level activity that prepares your body to return to a resting state.
resting heart rate
the number of times your heart beats per minute when you are not active.
Frostbite
is damage to the skin and tissues caused by extreme cold.
overexertion
or overworking the body.
heat exhaustion
a form of physical stress on the body caused by overheating.
epidermis
is the outer, thinner layer of the skin that is composed of living and dead cells.
dermis
is the thicker layer of the skin beneath the epidermis that is made up of connective tissue and contains blood vessels and nerves.
Melanin
a pigment that gives the skin, hair, and iris of the eyes their color.
Sebaceous glands
structures within the skin that produce an oily secretion called sebum.
Sebum
helps keep skin and hair from drying out.
Periodontium
is the area immediately around the tooth.
Dentin
a layer of connective tissue that contributes to the shape and hardness of a tooth.
Pulp
is the tissue that contains the blood vessels and nerves of a tooth.
Plaque
is a combination of bacteria and other particles, such as small bits of food, which adheres to the outside of a tooth.
Halitosis, or bad breath
can be caused by eating certain foods, poor oral hygiene, smoking, bacteria on the tongue,decayed teeth, and gum disease.
Gum disease, or periodontal disease
an inflammation of the periodontal structures, is caused by bacterial infection.
Malocclusion
a misalignment of the upper and lower teeth.
Impacted wisdom teeth
sometimes crowd and push on other teeth or become infected.
Sclera
the white part of the eye.
Cornea
is a transparent tissue that bends and focuses light before it enters the lens.
Choroid
a thin structure that lines the inside of the sclera.
Iris
is the colored portion of the eye that contains the pupil.
Retina
is the inner layer of the eye wall.
Nearsightedness
the inability to see distant objects clearly.
Farsightedness
the inability to see close objects clearly.
Astigmatism
blurred vision.
Detached retina
blurred vision or bright flashes of light.
Glaucoma
cloudy, impaired vision, sometimes permanent eye damage.
Cataracts
foggy vision.
Macular degeneration
vision loss.
Specificity
choosing the right types of activities to improve a given element of fitness.