In Chapter Four of the Reiman and Leighton book, the authors identify ___________ as the main reason the CJ System continues to favor the wealthy in the 21st century.
Historical inertia
Which of the following is a gendered sets of laws?
Those regulating child custody after divorce.
__________ are codified rules that can prescribe or proscribe behavior.
Laws
What crime does Chambliss trace the history of in his article?
Vagrancy.
In the United States, where do laws come from?
From political processes and institutions.
Crime is evenly distributed across time and place.
False
_______________ account for the vast majority of offenders in cases of serious violent crimes.
Men
Per Barkan's Chapter Three, which of the following groups has the LOWEST rates of arrest by all metrics?
Asians
Both Social Disorganization and Subculture theories suggest what is more important than race in explaining crime distribution?
Place
Subcultural theory focuses on what as the key cause of criminal behavior?
Differing values
A leading correlate, if not key cause, of sexual assualt on college campuses is:
Alcohol consumption
Which group has the highest per capita rates of homicide victimization?
Black Males
____________ are more likely than ___________ to be the victim of a violent crime.
Men; women
Specific locations with very high rates of crime and victimization are referred to by criminologists as:
Hot Spots
Which type of household is most likely to be victimized by a property or violently acquisitive (i.e., robbery) crime?
Lower class
_______________ refers to derogatory speech and action targeted against Jews.
Anti-semitism
___________ is a criminal offense committed against a person, property, or society that is motivated, in whole or in part, by the offender's bias against a race, religion, disability sexual orientation, ethnicity, or nationality.
Hate Crime
Which category is the most frequent motivator behind a hate crime?
Race
Which of the following are protected actions under law?
Hate speech directed at a racial group.
A public protest directed at a group based on that group's sexual orientation.
Taking out an ad in a publication that paints a given religious group negatively.
Most hate crimes take the form of
Intimidation