Principles of Mission Command
Build cohesive teams through mutual trust
Create shared understanding
Provide clear commander's intent
Exercise disciplined initiative
Use mission command
Accept prudent risk
Army Leader Attributes
Character
Presence
Intellect
Army Leader Competencies
Leads
Develops
Achieves
Army Leadership Manual
ADRP 6-22
Types of Counseling
Event oriented
Performance
Professional growth
Reasons for Counseling
Superior or substandard performance
Reception or integration
Crisis
Referral
Promotion
Separation
Commander's Role in the Operations Process
Understand
Visualize
Describe
Direct
Lead
Assess
Operational Variables
Political
Military
Economic
Social
Information
Infrastructure
Physical Environment
Time
Doctrinal Hierarchy
ADP
ADRP
FM
ATP
Wiki/user guides
Mission Command Doctrine
ADP and ADRP 6-0
5 Kinds of Battle Positions
Primary
Alternate
Supplementary
Subsequent
Strong Point
Primary Battle Position
The position that covers the enemy's most likely avenue of approach into the AO
Alternate Battle Position
An alternate position that covers the enemy's most likely avenue of approach into the AO and become occupied when the primary battle position becomes unsuitable for operations
Supplementary Battle Position
A position that covers the best sectors of fire and defensive terrain that is not the primary battle position
Subsequent Battle Position
The position that a unit expects to move to during the course of battle
Strong Point
A fortified position designed tied to natural or reinforcing obstacle to create an anchor to deny enemy decisive or key terrain
Sustainment Principles
Responsiveness
Economy
Continuity
Simplicity
Survivability
Anticipation
Integration
Improvisation
Responsiveness
The right support at the right place at the right time
Economy
Most efficient support to accomplish the mission
Continuity
Uninterrupted provision across all levels of war
Simplicity
Avoiding unnecessary complexity in all operations
Survivability
protect support functions from destruction or degradation
Anticipation
Foreseeing events and requirements and initiating action needed
Integration
Synchronizing actions across army, joint, and multinational echelons
Improvisation
Adapt to unexpected missions or circumstances
Defense Forms
Defense of a linear obstacle
Defense of a perimeter
Reverse slope
Defensive Tasks
Area Defense
Mobile Defense
Retrograde
Retrograde Types
Delay
Withdrawal
Retirement
Area Defense
Seeks to retain key terrain, has overlapping fires plan
Mobile Defense
Seeks to destroy or defeat enemy through striking force and counterattack
Delay
Trade space for time
Withdrawal
In contact with enemy, preserves force
Retirement
Out of contact with enemy, move away from enemy
Defensive Obstacles
Block
Fix
Delay
Turn
(Drawn with tail touching enemy unit, arrow(s) pointing towards obstacle)
Engagement Area Development
Intelligence Preparation of the Battlefield
Select ground for the attach
Integrate the Engagement Area
Direct fire panning
Intelligence Preparation of the Battlefield
Define the Operational Environment
Describe environmental effects on operations
Evaluate the threat or adversary
Determine the threat or adversary COAs
Aviation Core Competencies
Provide accurate and timely information collection
Provide reaction time and maneuver space
Destroy, defeat, disrupt, divert, or delay enemy forces
Air assault of ground maneuver forces
Air movement of personnel, equipment, or supplies
Evacuate wounded or
Attack Employment Methods
Continuous
Phased
Maximum Destruction
Continuous Attack (Employment Method)
Constant pressure on the enemy
One company in battle continuously
Phased Attach
Increased firepower by phasing subordinate units from a location or by time
Maximum Destruction Attack
Overwhelm enemy force with massed fires
Units are simultaneous
Fire Distribution Techniques
Closest TRPs
Quadrants
Fire Patterns
Target Array
Sectors
Priority Fire Zones
Offensive Control Measures
Attack by fire
Support by fire
Battle position
Fire position
Holding area
Engagement area
Target reference point
Attacks can be either
Hasty or deliberate based on the time available to plan, prepare, and execute regardless of whether the enemy is in or out of contact with friendly forces
Probability of Kill Equation (Bonus)
pKill = pHit
pLethality
pPenetration * pReliability
Attack Patterns
Simultaneous
Continual
Racetrack
45 degree pattern
Circular/Wheel pattern
Cloverleaf
L-Attack
Figure 8
Air Assault Primary Doctrine
FM 3-99 Airborne and Air Assault Operations
Air Assault Reverse Planning Sequence
Ground Tactical Plan
Landing Plan
Air Movement Plan
Loading Plan
Staging Plan
Best Employment of an Air Assault
A high risk, high payoff mission that when properly planned and vigorously executed allows commanders to
generate combat power
and
apply warfighting functions
to seize key terrain
Abort Criteria
Weather
Time
Enemy
Maintenance
Losses in execution
Safety
Abort Criteria Results
Delay
Divert
Abort the Mission
Commander's Reconnaissance Guidance
Focus
Tempo
Engagement/Disengagement/Bypass Criteria
Displacement/Battle Handover Criteria
Reconnaissance Management
Cueing
Mixing
Redundancy
Reconnaissance Tempo
Rapid / Deliberate
Forceful / Stealthy
Reconnaissance Engagement / Bypass Criteria
Size or type of enemy
Actions on contact
Rules of Engagement
Reconnaissance Handover
Process of handing over responsibility and transferring information to continue observation to a follow-on asset
Forms of Security
Screen
Guard
Cover
Area Security
Local Security
Area Security Types
Route
Aerial
Convoy
LZ / PZ Recon
Technical
Tactical
Meteorological
Attack by Fire
Mass the effects of direct fire systems for one or multiple locations toward the enemy
Support by Fire
Increase the supported force's freedom of maneuver by placing direct fires on an objective that is going to be assaulted by a friendly force
Battle Position
A restrictive control measure that depicts the location and general orientation of the attack
Fire Position
A restrictive control measure that depicts the exact location from which to attack
Holding Area Position
The last covered and concealed position prior to the objective that allows for final reconnaissance and coordination of assets by the commander
Engagement Area
An area from which the commander intends to trap and destroy an enemy force with massed fires of all available weapons and supporting systems
Target Reference Point
An easily recognizable point on the ground (either natural or man-made) used to initiate, distribute, and control fires
Simultaneous Attack
Executed from combat spread or combat cruise formation and is normally utilized when taking fire from the target area
Continuous Attack (Attack Pattern)
Separates the team's movement with only one aircraft inbound to the target area at a time. This technique is normally employed when the threat to the team is low or constant fire is desired on the target area
Cloverleaf Attack
Variant to the racetrack pattern and eliminates the predictability caused by multiple attack runs from the same direction. Enemy is confronted with a high volume of fire from constantly changing directions
Racetrack Pattern
The basic attack pattern from which all others are derive and is used to coordinate actions by each team member. Full Circuit, Inner Circuit, Outer Circuit.
Circular/Wheel Pattern
Utilized for reconnaissance of a point target or area of interest. It is suitable for observation, target designation and the use of off axis weapons. This technique allows constant observation of the target from multiple angles. It also allows the flight
45 Degree Attack Pattern
Allows the wingman to place fire effect upon the target from a different angle and fire nearly simultaneously with the lead aircraft if required
L-Attack Pattern
used to attack a target requiring a large volume of fire for a short duration utilizing two AWTs. This pattern is capable of attacking linear targets masked by high terrain or obstacles on one side.
Figure 8 pattern
Alternates the direction of attack and egress within a limited maneuver area. Similar to a cloverleaf pattern, it is best suited for targets with natural or man-made obstacles limiting inbound attack directions.
Cueing
The integration of one or more types of reconnaissance or surveillance systems to provide information that directs follow-on collecting of more detailed information by another system
Mixing
Using two or more different assets to collect against the same intelligence requirement
Redundancy
Using two or more like assets to collect against the same intelligence requirement
Screen
Provides early warning to a protected force (squadron and below, low security, defensive in nature)
Guard
A security task to protect the main body by fighting to gain time while also observing and reporting information and preserving enemy observation and direct fire against the main body. (Offensive in nature, BDE/BN level, more protection)
Cover
Tactically self-contained and capable of operating independently of the main body (direct and indirect fire and observation). 50-60K in front of formation. BDE n support of division/corps, may be offensive or defensive, contact expected. Accomplishes all
Area Security
Conducted to protect friendly forces, installations, routes, and actions with a specific area. Area security operations include security of designated personnel, equipment, facilities, airfields, base camps, main supply routes, convoys, and key terrain. A
Local Security
Prevents or interdicts enemy efforts to observe or attack friendly forces in vicinity of FARPs, assembly, staging, and holding areas.
LZ / PZ Tactical Factors
Mission
Security
Location
LZ / PZ Technical Factors
Landing Formation
Obstacles
Number/Type of aircraft
Ground Slope
Load Suitability
Approach/Departure directions
Size
Surface area
Vulnerability
LZ / PZ Meteorological Factors
Ceiling
Visibility
Winds
Density Altitude
ULO Tenets
Flexibility
Integration
Lethality
Adaptability
Depth
Synchronization
Offensive Forms
Movement to Contact
Attack
Exploitation
Pursuit
ARS Characteristics
HHT
3x Line Troops (8x AH-64, 4x Shadows)
D Trp (Mx)
E Trp (FSC)
ARB Characteristics
HHC
3x Line Companies (8x AH-64s)
D Company (Mx)
E Company (FSC)
F Company (12x Gray Eagles - DIV Asset)
Defensive EA Development
Identify enemy AoA
Identify enemy SoM
Determine where to kill the enemy
Emplace weapons systems
Plan and integrate obstacles
Plan and integrate indirect fires
Rehearse
Mission Statement
Task and purpose which clearly indicates the action to be taken and reason for the action.
Who, What, When, Where, Why
Warning Order
Mission/Nature of operation
Time and place for issuing OPORD
Units or elements participating in operation
Specific tasks not addressed by unit SOP
Timeline for the operation
Air Assault Mission Command Key Personnel
AATFC (1 Level up CDR)
AATF S3
ADAM
BAE
FSO
PZCO
GTC (unit being lifted)
AMC
ABC
AMSO