Speaker
The person or group who creates a text
Subject
The topic of a text. What the text is about.
Text
Written word, any cultural product that can be "read
Occasion
The time and place a speech is given or a piece is written
Pathos
Greek for "suffering" or "experience," appeals to emotion
Audience
The listener, viewer, or reader of a text. Most texts are likely to have multiple audiences.
Concession
An acknowledgment that an opposing argument may be true or reasonable.
Connotation
Meanings or associations that readers have with a word beyond its dictionary definition
Context
The circumstances, atmosphere, attitudes, and events surrounding a text
Counterargument
An opposing argument to the one a writer is putting forward
Ethos
Greek for "character" appeals to the type of person someone is
Logos
Greek for "embodied thought," appeals to logic
Persona
Greek for "mask", the face or character that a speaker shows to his or her audience.
Polemic
Greek for "hostile." An aggressive argument that tries to establish the superiority of one opinion over all others.
Propaganda
The spread of ideas and information to further a cause.
Purpose
The goal the speaker wants to achieve
Refutation
A denial of the validity of an opposing argument
Rhetoric
The faculty of observing in any given case the available means of persuasion.
rhetorical appeals
The use of emotional, ethical, and logical arguments to persuade in writing or speaking (pathos, ethos, logos)
Rhetorical Triangle
A diagram that illustrates the interrelationship among the speaker, audience, and subject in determining a text.
SOAPS
A mnemonic device that stands for Subject, Occasion, Audience, Purpose, and Speaker.
Author's Purpose
The reason an author decides to write about a specific topic.
Diction
The choice and use of words and phrases in speech or writing.
Exigence
A case or situation that demands prompt action or remedy; emergency
Figurative Language (including types of figurative language)
Language that uses words or expressions with a meaning that is different from the literal interpretation. (Simile, Metaphor, Hyperbole, etc.)
Imagery
Visually descriptive or figurative language, especially in a literary work.
Jolliffe's Framework
Diagram....
Organization/Structure/Form
An organized body of people with a particular purpose, especially a business, society, association, etc. The arrangement of and relations between the parts or elements of something complex. The visual shape.
Syntax
The arrangement of words and phrases to create well-formed sentences in a language.