what does radiolucent mean
dark/black areas x-ray go through object
what does radiopaque mean
white/light areas x-ray are absorbed by the object
what is the cortical bone
the dense outer layer of bone
how does cortical bone appear on a radiograph
radiopaque
what is the cancellous bone
the soft, spongy bone located between layers of dense cortical bone
How does trabeculae cancellous bone appear on a radiograph?
radiopaque
how does marrow cancellous bone appear on a radiograph
radiolucent
incisive foramen
how does the incisive foramen appear on a radiograph
a small ovoid or round radiolucent area located between the roots of the maxillary central incisors
what is a foramen
hole in bone
what is a fossa
scooped-out or depressed area of bone
what is a sinus
hallow cavity in bone
what is a canal
passageway through a bone
superior foramina of incisive canal
what is the appearance of a superior foramina of incisive canal on a radiograph
two small rounded radiolucencies superior to apices of maxillary central incisors
medial palatal suture
what is the appearance of the median palatal suture on a radiograph
a thin radiolucent line between the maxillary central incisors
lateral fossa
what is the appearance of the lateral fossa on a radiograph
anterior maxillary pa, radiolucent area between max canine and lat incisor. may be distinct, or absent looking
nasal cavity
what is the appearance of the nasal cavity on a radiograph
a large radiolucent area above the maxillary incisors
nasal septum
what is the appearance of the nasal septum on a radiograph
a vertical radiopaque partition that divides the nasal cavity
floor of the nasal cavity
what is the appearance of the floor of the nasal cavity on a radiograph
a dense radiopaque band of bone above the maxillary incisors
anterior nasal spine
what is the appearance of the anterior nasal spine on a radiograph
a v-shaped radiopaque area located at the intersection of the floor of the nasal cavity and nasal septum
inferior nasal conchae
what is the appearance of the inferior nasal conchae on a radiograph
a diffuse radiopaque mass or projection within the nasal cavity
maxillary sinus
what is the appearance of the maxillary sinus on a radiograph
a radiolucent area located above the apices of the maxillary premolars and molars
septa within the maxillary sinus
what is the appearance of the septa within the maxillary sinus on a radiograph
radiopaque lines within the maxillary sinus
-presence and number vary depending on the anatomy of the individual
nutrient canals within the maxillary sinus
what is the appearance of the nutrient canals within the maxillary sinus on a radiograph
a narrow radiolucent band bounded by two thin radiopaque lines
inverted Y
what is the appearance of the inverted Y on a radiograph
a radiopaque upside-down y, located above the maxillary canine
maxillary tuberosity
what is the appearance of the maxillary tuberosity on a radiograph
a radiopaque bulge distal to the third molar region
hamulus
what is the appearance of the hamulus on a radiograph
a radiopaque hooklike projection posterior to the maxillary tuberosity area
zygomatic process of the maxilla
what is the appearance of the zygomatic process of the maxilla on a radiograph
a j- or u-shaped radiopacity located superior to the maxillary first molar region
zygoma
what is the appearance of the zygoma on a radiograph
a diffuse, radiopaque band extending posteriorly from the zygomatic process of the maxilla
genial tubercles
what is the appearance of the genial tubercles on a radiograph
a ring-shaped radiopacity below the apices of the mandibular incisors
lingual foramen
what is the appearance of the lingual foramen on a radiograph
a small radiolucent dot inferior to the apices of the mandibular incisors
nutrient canals
what is the appearance of the nutrient canals on a radiograph
vertical radiolucent lines readily seen in areas of thin bone
mental ridge
what is the appearance of the mental ridge on a radiograph
a thick radiopaque band that extends from the premolar region to the incisor region
mental fossa
what is the appearance of the mental fossa on a radiograph
a radiolucent area above the mental ridge
mental foramen
what is the appearance of the mental foramen on a radiograph
a small ovoid or round radiolucent area located in the apical region of the mandibular premolars
mylohyoid ridge
what is the appearance of the mylohyoid ridge on a radiograph
a dense radiopaque band that extends downward and forward from the molar region
mandibular canal
what is the appearance of the mandibular canal on a radiograph
a radiolucent band outlined by two thin radiopaque lines that represent the cortical walls of the canal
external oblique ridge
what is the appearance of the external oblique ridge on a radiograph
a radiopaque band extending downward and forward from the anterior border of the ramus of the mandible
anterior border of ramus
what is the appearance of the anterior border of ramus on the radiograph
slightly radiopaque vertical band posterior to maxillary and mandibular molars
submandibular fossa
what is the appearance of the submandibular fossa on a radiograph
a radiolucent area in the molar region below the mylohyoid ridge
coronoid process
what is the appearance of the coronoid process on a radiograph
a triangular radiopacity superimposed over, or inferior to, the maxillary tuberosity region
lamina dura
what is the appearance of the lamina dura on a radiograph
radiopaque line
alveolar crest
what is the appearance of the alveolar crest on a radiograph
radiopaque; 1.5-2m below cej
periodontal ligament space
thin radiolucent line
periodontal ligament space
shape and density of alveolar bone- anterior regions
what is the anterior regions of the alveolar bone
-appears pointed between the teeth
-appears as a dense radiopaque line in the anterior region
shape and density of alveolar bone- posterior regions
what is posterior regions of the alveolar bone
-appears flat and smooth between the teeth
-appears less dense and less radiopaque than the alveolar crest seen in the anterior region
when does primary dentition erupt
between ages 6 months- 3 years
how many teeth are in primary dentition
20 teeth
-10 maxillary
-10 mandibular