Number of protons
What determines what chemical element an atom is?
Valence Shell Electrons
The part of the atom responsible for its chemistry (how it reacts with other atoms) is:
Isotopes
The term for 2 atoms that have the same number of protons, but a different number of neutrons is?
7 protons
If an atom has an atomic number of 7, how many protons are there in a neutral atom?
7 electrons
If an atom has an atomic number of 7, how many electrons are there in a neutral atom?
4 electrons
If an atoms atomic number is 6, how many electrons does it need to fill its outer most shell?
Covalent Bond
When two atoms share an electron pair it is a?
Ionic Bond
When one atom takes a electron completely away from another atom it is?
True
T/F Carbon is a versatile atom because it can bond with another carbon atom in single, double and even triple bonds and form rings with other carbon and nitrogen atoms.
Hydrogen Bonds
Which type of bonds are easiest to break (which are the weakest type of bonds).
True
The driving force in chemistry is for the electron shells to be either completely empty or completely filled.
K
Potassium
P
Phosphorus
Cl
Chlorine
Ca
Calcium
C
Carbon
2
Line between atoms such as H-H represents___electrons.
4
In the molecule O2 written O=O, the double lines represents ___ electrons being shared.
O pulls H
In the bond between oxygen and hydrogen in the water molecule, H2O, the electron pair that are supposed to be shared are not shared equally. If the atomic number of hydrogen is 1 and oxygen is 8 which atom pulls the electron pair closer?
ATP
The energy exchange medium for all living systems is?
Acidosis
How is a dog with a physiological blood pH of 7 classified?
18
Calcium has an atomic number of 20. How many electrons does a calcium ion (ca++) have?
True
A good definition of matter is anything that has mass and occupies space.
Carbon
Organic molecules are those that contain ?
DNA double helix shape, double stranded. RNA is single stranded and contains Uracil.
Differences between DNA and RNA.
Uracil
What base is not found in DNA
Catalysts, structural, hormones, energy
Name functions of proteins:
True
The higher the pH, the more alkaline the solution is. T/F
False
Anions are positively charged ions such as H+. T/F
True
A buffer is a substance that resists changes in the pH of a solution. T/F
False
An endothermic reaction is one that results in a release of energy.
Polysaccharides
When sugars link together in long chains, they are called:
Peptide Bonds
The bonds that link amino acids together are called.
Polypeptides
Amino acids linked together in small chains are called?
Acidosis
An animal with a blood pH of 7.15 is:
Cell
The basic living unit of all organisms is the?
Nucleus
What directs all activity of the cell?
True
Prokaryotic cells are very simple cells without a nucleus.
Ribosomes
protein synthesis.
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
Packaging and transport of lipids and carbs.
Mitochondria
Produce ATP.
Lysosomes
Breaking down and getting rid of cellular debris and waste.
Golgi Apparatus
Packaging, transport and final processing.
Diffusion
Movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.
Pinocytosis
Cell drinking of small particles.
ATP
Adenosine Tri-phosphate
Phagocytosis
Cell eating of large particles.
Active Transport
Energy-requiring process that moves material across a cell membrane against a concentration difference
Diploid
The number of chromosomes in a zygote? Haploid/Diploid.
Diploid
The numbehr of chromosomes in a somatic mammalian cell. Haploid/Diploid
Haploid
The number of chromosomes in a cell after the completion of meiosis.
Haploid
The number of chromosomes in a gamete (sex cell) Haploid/ Diploid.
Diploid
The number of chromosomes in a cell after the completion of mitosis. Haploid/Diploid.
False
The most unusual difference in forming male and female gametes is that the female produces 4 equivalent egg cells but the male produces only one sperm cell and 3 polar bodies. T/F
4 spermatozoa, 1 egg, 3 polar bodies
The end products of meiosis are?
Sperm and egg join
Fertilization occurs when?
Prophase 1
Stage of meiosis in which crossover occurs is?
Telophase
The stage of mitosis which the nuclear membrane reforms and cytokinesis pinches the cell into two identical daughter cells.
Prokaryotes
Bacterial cells are?
Isotonic
A solution that has the same solute concentration as living mammalian cells is?
Rupture
Blood cells placed in a hypotonic solution will?
Phagocytosis
Process by which cells engulf and ingest large particles is?
Anaphase
In mitosis, the chromosomes are pulled apart to opposite poles of the cell during?
Centrosome
These have the function of pulling the chromosomes apart in anaphase?
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
Storing and transporting lipids and carbohydrates.
Gastrointestinal
The pancreas and liver are accessory organs to the __________ system.
True
The endocrine system includes the pituitary gland, the thyroid gland and other tissues that produce hormones. T/F
Stomach, liver, large intestine, small intestine, uterus, ovaries, kidney, and bladder.
Which organs are located within the abdomen?
Kingdom
Animalia, Protista, fungi, Monera, plantae are examples of ?
Carnivora
Animals that primarily eat meat, have binocular vision, and have teeth and claws for hunting most likely belong in which order?
Reptilia
Scaly, ectothermic, lays eggs on land.
Monera
Organisms from which kingdom are prokaryotic, single celled organisms that may cause disease in animals?
Amphibia
Frogs, salamanders, toads, newts
Perissodactyla
An animal that has an odd number of toes and is a hind gut fermenter. Which order is most appropriate for this animal?
Mammalia
Dogs, cats, humans, primates, Dolphins, whales, are all from the class?
Primata
Prehensile thumbs, forward facing eyes, pectoral mammae describe animals in the order?