Which reaction illustrates a dehydration reaction?
A) A+ B ? C + H2O
B) A + H2O ? B + C
C) A ? B + C+ H2O
D) A + B + H2O ? C
A) A+ B ? C + H2O
The feature of carbon important for producing a diversity of organic molecules is:
A) carbon can form up to 2 covalent bonds with other elements.
B) carbon bonds are stronger than any other bond.
C) carbon can form both polar and nonpolar covalent bonds w
C) carbon can form both polar and nonpolar covalent bonds with various elements.
The most hydrophobic molecule is
A) C2H6
B) R-NH2
D) C5H10O5
E) C3H7OH
A) C2H6
Which of the following was demonstrated by the Miller-Urey experiment?
A) Life can be started experimentally in the laboratory.
B) Organic molecules important to life could have been formed from a vast array of simple chemicals.
C) Life began on the pre-b
B) Organic molecules important to life could have been formed from a vast array of simple chemicals.
Protobionts are thought to be the first nonliving structures that evolved into living cells. A critical characteristic of a protobiont that is found in both modern day prokaryotes and eukaryotes is:
A) the ability to fuse with any other protobiont for rep
C) a boundary membrane that separates external from internal environments.
Which of the following statements about acids and bases are true? (Check all that apply.)
A) If the ratio of protons (H+) to hydroxide ions (OH-) is ten to one (10:1), then the solution is acidic.
B) If the ratio of protons (H+) to hydroxide ions (OH-) is
A) If the ratio of protons (H+) to hydroxide ions (OH-) is ten to one (10:1), then the solution is acidic.
C) Adding a base to an acidic solution will bring the pH of the solution closer to 7.
D) Acidic compounds are those that release protons (H+) into s
The best summary of the properties of water is:
A) less dense at 0oC than at room temperature, ideal solvent for biological molecules, absorbs considerable heat energy without raising temperature, and high percentage of hydrogen bonds.
B) more dense at 0o
A) less dense at 0oC than at room temperature, ideal solvent for biological molecules, absorbs considerable heat energy without raising temperature, and high percentage of hydrogen bonds.
Carbon has 4 valence electrons and oxygen has 6. Carbon dioxide would contain _____.
A) one single covalent bond
B) two double covalent bonds
C) four hydrogen bonds
D) two single covalent bonds
B) two double covalent bonds
Dr. Ratard was trying to determine the cause of a mysterious epidemic affecting fish in the gulf of New Mexico. His proposal that the deaths were caused by an organism called a protist is considered a(n):
A) conclusion.
B) data set.
C) hypothesis.
D) expe
C) hypothesis.
If you place the corner of a paper towel into a droplet of water the water moves across the paper towel. Which of the following would explain the movement of the water?
A) both cohesion and adhesion
B) surface tension
C) adhesion
D) cohesion
A) both cohesion and adhesion
Studying a brick does not predict the design of a skyscraper. Intense examination of muscle tissues does not allow you to predict the design of a kangaroo or clam. The structure of chlorophyll does not dictate the unique structure of a tree. These cases d
E) emergent properties that cannot be predicted by examining their parts.
An environmental biologist was studying the biodiversity of a wildlife refuge. In the area, he found pine trees scattered among a variety of mixed hardwood trees. In order to identify the pine trees, he counted the number of needles per bundle and measure
B) Descriptive
In a chemical analysis of an animal tissue sample, which element would be in the least quantity?
A) carbon
B) nitrogen
C) hydrogen
D) oxygen
E) iodine
E) iodine
Your microwave will not turn on, and you speculate that a circuit breaker in the house has been tripped. In scientific terminology, the steps you would take to figure this out would be described as:
A) testing a prediction generated from a hypothesis.
B)
.D) developing a hypothesis based on an observation.
You have been assigned to address a problem of overpopulation of species X in a nearby county. One of the members of your team suggests introducing species Y, which is a natural predator of species X, but not normally found in the area. After some discuss
C) population
You have been assigned to analyze some extraterrestrial material recently collected from Mars. After examining a sample using a microscope you jump up excitedly and shout to your colleagues that you have confirmed the existence of life on Mars. One of you
C) Archaea
Hierarchical organization
A plant and animal would be most similar at which level of organization?
A) Organ
B) Organelle
C) Tissue
D) Cell
B) Organelle
Osmometer cells in the brain sense an increase in the salt concentration of plasma. This information is sent to the hypothalamus, which notifies the pituitary gland to release the hormone, ADH. ADH causes the kidney to save water, which lowers the salt co
B) Homeostasis
Which of the following BEST describes the theory of natural selection?
A) There is a struggle for existence among the members of a population.
B) Some individuals have genes that increase their chances for survival and reproduction. These individuals are
B) Some individuals have genes that increase their chances for survival and reproduction. These individuals are more likely to reproduce and pass on their genes, causing their genes to become more common in the next generation.
Based upon your knowledge of evolution, which of the following statements is/are most likely true? (Select all that apply.)
A) Moths that could smell the nectar at the bottom of the orchid saw the need for a longer proboscis, so they grew
one that reached
C) At least one species has always been able to reach the nectar of the orchid.
D) Moths with longer proboscises are more likely to have access to the orchid nectar and are therefore more likely to survive to reproduction.
E) Orchids with deeper nectaries
Water boils at a higher temperature than a non-polar solvent like ether because
A) a large amount of energy is required to remove electrons from the oxygen atom in each water molecule.
B) a large amount of energy is required to remove electrons from the h
E) a large amount of energy is required to break the many hydrogen bonds that restrict the movement of individual water molecules.
Elements from opposite sides of the periodic table tend to form __________.
A) covalent compounds
B) ionic compounds
C) compounds that are gaseous at room temperature
D) homonuclear diatomic compounds
E) covalent compounds that are gaseous at room tempera
B) ionic compounds
A __________ covalent bond between the same two atoms is the longest.
A) single
B) double
C) triple
D) They are all the same length.
E) strong
A) single
What is the maximum number of double bonds that a hydrogen atom can form?
A) 3
B) 1
C) 2
D) 0
E) 4
D) 0
What is the maximum number of double bonds that a carbon atom can form?
A) 4
B) 1
C) 2
D) 0
E) 3
C) 2
The ability of an atom in a molecule to attract electrons is best quantified by the __________.
A) paramagnetism
B) diamagnetism
C) first ionization potential
D) electron change-to-mass ratio
E) electronegativity
E) electronegativity
Given the electronegativities below, which covalent single bond is most polar?
Element: H C N O
Electronegativity: 2.1 2.5 3.0 3.5
A) C-H
B) N-H
C) O-H
D) O-C
E) O-N
C) O-H
Electronegativity __________ from left to right within a period and __________ from top to bottom within a group.
A) decreases, increases
B) increases, increases
C) increases, decreases
D) stays the same, increases
E) increases, stays the same
C) increases, decreases
A nonpolar bond will form between two __________ atoms of __________ electronegativity.
A) different, opposite
B) identical, different
C) different, different
D) similar, different
E) identical, equal
E) identical, equal
The type of compound that is most likely to contain a covalent bond is __________.
A) one that is composed of a metal from the far left of the periodic table and a nonmetal from the far right of the periodic table
B) a solid metal
C) one that is composed
C) one that is composed of only nonmetals
Of the atoms below, __________ is the most electronegative.
A) Br
B) F
C) Cl
D) N
E) O
B) F
Of the molecules below, the bond in __________ is the most polar.
A) HBr
B) HI
C) HCl
D) HF
E)
D) HF
Of the bonds below, __________ is the least polar.
A) Na, S
B) P, S
C) C, F
D) Si, Cl
E) Na, Cl
B) P, S
52) As the number of covalent bonds between two atoms increases, the distance between the atoms __________ and the strength of the bond between them __________.
A) decreases, increases
B) decreases, decreases
C) increases, decreases
D) increases, increase
A) decreases, increases
53) Of the possible bonds between carbon atoms (single, double, and triple), __________.
A) a triple bond is longer than a single bond
B) a double bond is stronger than a triple bond
C) a single bond is stronger than a triple bond
D) a double bond is long
D) a double bond is longer than a triple bond
Adding NH3 (ammonia) to water makes NH4+. What will be the general pH of this new solution, and what will happen to the ion concentrations?
A) Acidic; increased H+ ions and decreased OH-.
B) Alkaline; decreased H+ ions and increased OH- .
C) Acidic; decre
B) Alkaline; decreased H+ ions and increased OH- .
What levels of protein structure would be affected if all hydrogen bonding interactions were prevented? Check all that apply.
A) primary
B) secondary
C) tertiary
D) quaternary
A) primary
Water interacts with polar substances but not with non-polar substances. Using this information, select the molecules that will easily dissolve in water based on polarity not on size. Check all that apply.
A) CH4
B) CH3OH
C) CH3 CH3
D) CH3 CH2 CH2 OH
E) C
A) CH4
C) CH3 CH3
E) CH3 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH3
Humans are members of which kingdom?
A) all six kingdoms
B) Anamalia
C) Eukarya
D) None of them
E)
B) Anamalia
Protists and bacteria are grouped into different kingdoms because
A) protists are multicellulr organisms and bacteria are unicellular
B) protists are composed of cells and bacteria are not
C) protists have a nucleus and bacteria are not
D) all of the abov
D) all of the above
Which of the following is not a property of life?
A) using energy that ultimately comes from the sun
B) movement
C) maintenance of relatively constant internal conditions in a variable environment
D) the ability to grow, develop, and reproduced using inst
B) movement
Emergent Properties
A) a result from the way components within a hierarchical level interact
B) explain why our cells are similar to those of a mountain goat but our body plan is much different
C) arise at each level of hierarchical organization
D) all of
D) all of the above
The process of inductive reasoning involves
A) the use of general principles to predict a specific result
B) the generation of specific predictions based on a belief system
C) the use of specific observation to develop general principles
D) the use of gen
C) the use of specific observation to develop general principles
A hypothesis in biology is best describes as
A) a possible explanation of an observation
B) an observation that supports a theory
C) a general principle that explains some aspect of life
D) an unchanging statement that correctly predicts some aspect of li
A) a possible explanation of an observation
Birds are vertebrate animals that have feathers and reproduce by laying eggs. While on a nature walk, you come across a vertebrate animal that lays eggs but does not have feathers. You conclude that this animal is not a bird. This is an example of
A) indu
B) deductive reasoning.
You are conducting an experiment to test the hypothesis that apple trees will produce larger fruit when exposed to lullabies at night. You have 10 experimental trees that are exposed to music at night. Which of the following is accurate about your control
B) The control group should not be exposed to lullabies at all.
The idea of evolution by natural selection
A) is an example of how a scientist develops a hypothesis based on previous knowledge and observations.
B)was developed independently by Charles Darwin and Alfred Russell Wallace.
C) is supported by modern-day mo
D) All of the above
How is the process of natural selection different from that of artificial selection?
A) Natural selection produces more variation.
B) Natural selection makes an individual better adapted.
C) Artificial selection is a result of human intervention.
D) Artif
C) Artificial selection is a result of human intervention.
How does the fossil record help support the theory of evolution by natural selection?
A) It demonstrates that complex organisms have become simplified and more efficient over time.
B) It provides evidence that organisms have changed over time.
C) It shows
B) It provides evidence that organisms have changed over time.
In which of the following situations could evolution by natural selection occur?
A) A population of island finches possesses almost no genetic variability.
B)Over several generations a population of snails has access to unlimited resources.
C) Over genera
D) Over generations, a population of mountain gorillas with genes for long hair survive cold and cloudy weather better than gorillas that have genes for minimal body hair
Ubiquitin is a small protein (76 amino acids); it has been found in almost all tissues of eukaryotic organisms and is involved in protein degradation in the cell. The amino acid sequence of ubiquitin found in humans has one amino acid difference from the
B) Yeast, roundworms, and humans all share a common ancestor.
The cell theory states that
A) cells are small.
B) cells are highly organized.
C) there is only one basic type of cell.
D) all living things are made up of cells.
D) all living things are made up of cells.
Your DNA
A) is identical to the DNA from organisms classified in other kingdoms of life.
B) provides the instructions for your cells to function.
C) can be replicated faithfully and passed to your offspring.
D) b and c
D) b and c
The isotopes carbon-12 and carbon-14 differ in
A) the number of neutrons.
B) the number of protons.
C) the number of electrons.
D) both b and c.
A) the number of neutrons.
An atom with a net positive charge must have more
A) protons than neutrons.
B) protons than electrons.
C) electrons than neutrons.
D) electrons than protons.
B) protons than electrons.
A completely filled L energy level contains how many more electrons than a completely filled K energy level?
A) 2
B) 4
C) 6
D) 8
C) 6
Ca2+
A) is an anion.
B) is a neutral isotope.
C) is an atom that has lost two electrons.
D) is reduced.
C) is an atom that has lost two electrons.
The maximum number of electrons found in a dumbbell-shaped p orbital
A) is greater than the number found in a spherical s orbital.
B) is less than the number found in a spherical s orbital.
C) is the same as the number found in a spherical s orbital.
D) h
C) is the same as the number found in a spherical s orbital.
An atom of iron (Fe) has 26 protons, 30 neutrons, and 26 electrons. An iron atom
A) has an atomic mass of 82.
B) has an atomic number of 26.
C) is an ion.
D) has an atomic number of 56
B) has an atomic number of 26.
The property that distinguishes an atom of one element (carbon, for example) from an atom of another element (oxygen, for example) is
A) the number of electrons.
B) the number of protons.
C) the number of neutrons.
D) the combined number of protons and ne
B) the number of protons.
An atom with one valence electron
A) would tend to easily lose an electron.
B) be inert.
C) would be found in the right-hand column of the periodic table.
D) would easily gain an extra electron
A) would tend to easily lose an electron.
Which of the following is NOT accurate about the elements commonly found in living organisms?
A) They have a low atomic mass.
B) They have atomic numbers less than 27.
C) They have a completely filled outer shell.
D) They are incorporated into organic mol
C) They have a completely filled outer shell.
Iodine (I)
A) is present in living systems in more than trace amounts.
B) has reactivity similar to that of chlorine.
C) is an isotope of chlorine.
D) All of the above.
B) has reactivity similar to that of chlorine.
Ionic bonds arise from
A) shared valence electrons.
B) attractions between valence electrons.
C) charge attractions between valence electrons.
D) attractions between ions of opposite charge
D) attractions between ions of opposite charge
A hydrogen bond is
A) weaker than a covalent bond.
B) stronger than an ionic bond.
C) the same as a van der Waals interaction.
D) stronger than a covalent bond.
A) weaker than a covalent bond.
Van der Waals attractions
A) involve electrical attraction, as do ionic and hydrogen bonds.
B) are stronger than hydrogen bonds.
C) are not directional.
D) involve only two atoms.
C) are not directional.
A chemical reaction will go faster if
A) the temperature is lowered.
B) there are more products present.
C) there are fewer reactants present.
D) a catalyst is present.
D) a catalyst is present.
Using the periodic table on page 26, which of the following atoms would you predict could form a positively charged ion (cation)?
A) Fluorine (F)
B) Neon (Ne)
C) Potassium (K)
D) Sulfur (S)
C) Potassium (K)
Refer to the element pictured. How many covalent bonds could this atom form?
A) Two
B) Three
C) Four
D) None
B) Three
Hydrogen bonds are formed
A) between any molecules that contain hydrogen.
B) only between water molecules.
C) when hydrogen is part of a polar covalent bond.
D) when two atoms of hydrogen share an electron
C) when hydrogen is part of a polar covalent bond.
Two adjacent water molecules are able to form hydrogen bonds with each other because
A) oxygen is more electronegative than hydrogen.
B) hydrogen is more electronegative than oxygen.
C) hydrogen and oxygen have equal affinity for electrons.
D) the hydroge
A) oxygen is more electronegative than hydrogen.
The difference between cohesion and adhesion is that
A) cohesion involves the formation of hydrogen bonds while adhesion does not.
B) in cohesion water molecules form hydrogen bonds with other water molecules, while in adhesion they form hydrogen bonds wi
B) in cohesion water molecules form hydrogen bonds with other water molecules, while in adhesion they form hydrogen bonds with molecules other than water.
A molecule with polar covalent bonds would
A) soluble in water.
B) not be soluble in water.
C) contain atoms with very similar electronegativity.
D) contain atoms that have gained or lost electrons.
A) soluble in water.
Which of the following would NOT be soluble in water?
A) Polar molecules
B) Ions
C) Molecules that contain many hydroxyl groups
D) Nonpolar molecules
D) Nonpolar molecules
Why are buffers important in living systems?
A) Many chemical reactions are affected by the acidity of the solution in which they occur.
B) Chemical reactions of life produce acids and bases within cells.
C) Enzyme activity is affected by pH.
D) All of th
D) All of the above
Buffer systems
A) will always remove H+ from solution.
B) will always add H+ to solution.
C) will help keep pH relatively constant.
D) will stop water from ionizing.
C) will help keep pH relatively constant.
A substance with pH = 5
A) is more acidic than a substance of pH = 10.
B) has a lower concentration of H+ than substance with pH = 10.
C) has twice as many H+ than a substance of pH = 10.
B) is a base.
A) is more acidic than a substance of pH = 10.
The four kinds of organic molecules are
A) hydroxyls, carboxyls, aminos, and phosphates.
B) proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, and nucleic acids.
C) DNA, RNA, sugars, and amino acids.
D) carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen.
B) proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, and nucleic acids.
Which of the following is a hydroxyl group?
A) -OH
B) -CH2
C) -C=O
D) -NH2
A) -OH
The addition of which of the following functional groups to a hydrocarbon would NOT make it water-soluble?
A) Methyl group
B) Amino group
C) Sulfhydryl group
D) All of the above would make it soluble
A) Methyl group
Starch is a carbohydrate polymer found in plants. The chemical reaction that builds starch
A) a hydrolysis reaction.
B) utilizes water.
C) is the same reaction that builds proteins and lipids.
D) All of the above
C) is the same reaction that builds proteins and lipids.
Both animals and plants utilize disaccharides to
A) store energy.
B) transport sugars.
C) provide structural support.
D) break down polysaccharides.
A) store energy.
Plant cells store energy in the form of _________, and animal cells store energy in the form of ___________.
A) fructose; glucose
B) disaccharides; monosaccharides
C) cellulose; chitin
D) starch; glycogen
D) starch; glycogen
Why can cows use cellulose as a food source, but you can't?
A) Cows produce the enzymes that can break ?-(1?4) linkages.
B) Cows have symbiotic microbes in their digestive system that can break bonds between glucose monomers in cellulose.
C) Cows have exc
B) Cows have symbiotic microbes in their digestive system that can break bonds between glucose monomers in cellulose.
When you consume plant storage carbohydrates, you use an enzyme called amylase to break down the molecules. Amylase can break down __________ into glucose monomers by ____________.
A) starch; hydrolysis
B) glycogen; dehydration
C) cellulose; dehydration
D
A) starch; hydrolysis
Which part of an amino acid has the greatest influence on the overall structure of a protein?
A) The (�NH2) amino group
B) The R group
C) (�COOH) carboxyl group
D) Both a and c
B) The R group
Amino acids are linked together to form a protein by
A) disulfide bridges.
B) hydrophobic exclusion.
C) peptide bonds.
D) hydrogen bonds
C) peptide bonds.
The quaternary structure of a protein is the
A) first four amino acids at the amino terminus.
B) organization of a polypeptide chain into an ? helix or a ? pleated sheet.
C) unique three-dimensional shape of the fully folded polypeptide.
D) overall protei
D) overall protein structure resulting from the aggregation of two or more polypeptide subunits
The difference between a motif and a domain is
A) motifs are larger, forming functional zones.
B) domains are larger, forming functional zones.
C) motifs affect tertiary structure, while domains do not.
D) domains form sheets and tubes, while motifs form
B) domains are larger, forming functional zones.
Which of the following amino acids would NOT be expected to occur in the interior of a protein like hemoglobin?>
A) alanine
B) leucine
C) valine
D) serine
C) valine
In a protein, a glycine is replaced with a histidine. This would
A) always change the primary structure of the protein, never change tertiary structure or function.
B) sometimes change the primary structure of a protein, always affect tertiary structure,
D) always change the primary structure of a protein, sometimes affect tertiary structure and function.
Two different proteins have the same domain as part of their final structure. From this, we can infer that they have
A) the same primary structure.
B) similar function.
C) very different functions.
D) the same primary structure but different function.
B) similar function
DNA and RNA are polymers composed of
A) monosaccharides.
B) nucleotides.
C) amino acids.
D) fatty acids.
B) nucleotides.
Which of the following is found in DNA, but not in RNA?
A) Ribose, thymine, adenine, guanine, cytosine
B) 5 phosphate and 3 hydroxyl ends
C) Deoxyribose and thymine
D) A 5-carbon sugar and a nitrogenous base
C) Deoxyribose and thymine
ATP
A) contains the nucleotide thymine as part of its structure.
B) stores energy in the bonds between its three phosphate groups.
C) carries electrons that store chemical energy.
D) All of the above.
B) stores energy in the bonds between its three phosphate groups.
RNA
A) functions in the storage of genetic information in the nucleus of the cell.
B) is found only in the nucleus of the cell.
C) is usually a double-stranded helix.
D) can function as an enzyme
D) can function as an enzyme
Two adjacent water molecules, an ?-helix, and two complementary strands of DNA are all similar in that they
A) are stabilized or held together by hydrogen bonds.
B) are macromolecules.
C) are hydrophilic.
D) are all put together by dehydration synthesis.
A) are stabilized or held
A triglyceride is a _____ composed of _____.
A) lipid; fatty acids and glucose
B) lipid; fatty acids and glycerol
C) carbohydrate; fatty acids
D) lipid; cholesterol
B) lipid; fatty acids and glycerol
Triglycerides, sterols, and terpene are all lipids because
A) they are all hydrophobic.
B) they are all amphipathic.
C) they are all energy storage molecules.
D) they are all produced by dehydration synthesis
A) they are all hydrophobic.
What chemical property of lipids accounts for their insolubility in water?
A) The COOH group of fatty acids
B) The large number of nonpolar C�H bonds
C) The branching of saturated fatty acids
D) The C=C bonds found in unsaturated fatty acids
B) The large number of nonpolar C�H bonds
Partial hydrogenation of vegetable oil would result in which of the following?
A) The oil becoming more solid at room temperature
B) Adding double bonds to the oil
C) Producing trans double bonds in the fatty acid
D) a and c
D) a and c
Which of the following statements is NOT part of the cell theory?
A) All organisms are composed of one or more cells.
B) All cells come from other cells by division.
C) Cells are smallest living things.
D) All cells are composed molecules and organelles.
D) All cells are composed molecules and organelles.
The most important factor that limits the size of a cell is the
A) quantity of proteins and organelles a cell can make.
B) concentration of water in the cytoplasm.
C) surface-area-to-volume ratio of the cell.
D) amount of DNA in the cell
C) surface-area-to-volume ratio of the cell.
Using transmission electron microscopy on a cross section of a cell, you see two dark lines separated by a lighter area. Which of the following is NOT a reasonable conclusion?
A) The cell must come from a multicellular eukaryote.
B) The structure contains
A) The cell must come from a multicellular eukaryote.
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of all prokaryotic cells?
A) Ribosomes
B) Cell wall
C) DNA
D) Pili
D) Pili
Archaea
A) have a cell wall composed of peptidoglycan.
B) are more closely related to eukaryotes than to prokaryotes.
C) are multicellular prokaryotes.
D) contain their genome in a nucleus.
B) are more closely related to eukaryotes than to prokaryotes.
You find a single-celled organism that has cell walls, no nucleus, and is not susceptible to the antibiotic penicillin. What can you reasonably conclude about this organism?
A) It lacks DNA.
B) It has a cell wall composed of peptidoglycan.
C) It has membr
C) It has membrane lipids that are hydrophilic at both ends.
Which of the following is found in eukaryotic cells but not in prokaryotic cells?
A) Cell wall
B) Plasma membrane
C) Endoplasmic reticulum
D) Ribosomes
C) Endoplasmic reticulum
Which of the following nuclear structures is NOT correctly matched with its function?
A) The nucleolus�site of rRNA synthesis
B) Nuclear pores�allow passage of molecules into and out of the nucleus
C) Nuclear envelope�separates the contents of the nucleus
D) Nuclear lamina�produces ribosomes
Human plasma cells secrete large amounts of antibody proteins. You would expect plasma cells to have
A) cytosolic ribosomes.
B) ribosomes attached to the rough ER.
C) mitochondria.
D) nucleoli.
B) ribosomes attached to the rough ER.
A protein that is secreted from the cell takes which pathway?
A) Rough ER ? transport vesicle ? Golgi ? secretory vesicle ? plasma membrane
B) Cytosol ? plasma membrane
C) Smooth ER ? rough ER ? transport vesicle ? Golgi ? lysosome
D) Golgi ? transport ve
A) Rough ER ? transport vesicle ? Golgi ? secretory vesicle ? plasma membrane
The size and number of organelles in a cell correlates with cell function. Leydig cells of the testes produce the steroid hormone testosterone. Leydig cells are likely to have abundant
A) smooth endoplasmic reticulum.
B) rough endoplasmic reticulum.
C) ly
A) smooth endoplasmic reticulum.
Mitochondria
A) are fully autonomous.
B) have a highly folded inner membrane.
C) produce ATP and sugars.
D) All of the above
B) have a highly folded inner membrane.
Tubers are modified plant structures that are used to store nutrients for growth. If you were to make a section through a potato tuber and view it microscopically, you should see abundant
A) mitochondria.
B) chloroplasts.
C) amyloplasts.
D) cristae.
C) amyloplasts.
The cytoskeleton includes
A) microtubules made of actin filaments.
B) microfilaments made of tubulin.
C) intermediate filaments made of twisted fibers of vimentin and keratin.
D) smooth endoplasmic reticulum
C) intermediate filaments made of twisted fibers of vimentin and keratin.
Microfilaments
A) do not exhibit polarity as seen in microtubules.
B) grow from the centrosome in animal cells.
C) are essential to cell division and muscle contraction.
D) are used to transport vesicles through the endomembrane system.
C) are essential to cell division and muscle contraction.
Different motor proteins like kinesin and myosin are similar in that they can
A) interact with microtubules.
B) use energy from ATP to produce movement.
C) interact with actin.
D) do both a and b.
B) use energy from ATP to produce movement.
Which of the following statements about the plant cell wall is [Unknown EMPH Input: allcaps] not true?
A) It functions in support and protection.
B) It lies just inside the plasma membrane.
C) The primary cell wall is formed while a cell is growing.
D) It
B) It lies just inside the plasma membrane.
You isolate a mutant plant that has abnormally weak adhesion between cells. This plant most likely has a problem
A) forming plasmodesmata.
B) producing the middle lamella.
C) laying down the secondary cell wall.
D) manufacturing the proteins needed for it
B) producing the middle lamella.
Which of the following types of cell connections is correctly matched with its function?
A) Adherens junction�block substances from passing between cells
B) Plasmodesmata�communication between cells
C) Septate junction�attachment the cytoskeleton of one c
B) Plasmodesmata�communication between cells
Some people affected with kidney failure have a mutation in a gene encoding a claudin protein. Which of the following statements about these individuals is accurate?
A) The cells in their kidneys are not communicating with each other correctly.
B) Molecul
D) b and c are both correct