The Cell Theory
All organisms are made up of cells All cells come from pre-existing cells. The cell is the basic unit of all living things.
Prokaryotic
having cells that lack membrane-bound nuclei
Eukaryotic
having cells with 'good' or membrane-bound nuclei
plant cells
have cell wall have chlorophyll/chloroplasts large central vacuole
animal cells
No cell wall, no chlorophyll/chloroplasts, have lysosomes, have smaller vacuoles, have centrioles
Diffusion
process by which molecules tend to move from an area where they are more concentrated to an area where they are less concentrated
Active Transport
the movement of materials through a cell membrane using energy
Osmosis
diffusion of molecules through a semipermeable membrane from a place of higher concentration to a place of lower concentration until the concentration on both sides is equal
Endocytosis
process by which a cell takes material into the cell by infolding of the cell membrane
Facilitated Diffusion
movement of specific molecules across cell membranes through protein channels
Exocytosis
the process by which a substance is released from the cell through a vesicle that transports the substance to the cell surface and then fuses with the membrane to let the substance out
hypertonic solutions
those with higher solute concentrations and lower water concentrations
hypotonic solutions
those with lower solute concentrations and higher water concentrations; cells placed in these solutions gain water; and if they lack a cell wall, may burst
isotonic solutions
contains the same concentration as the solute and the solvent means same solutes
cell specialization
the process in which cells develop in different ways to perform different tasks
multicellular organisms
organisms made up of many cells
unicellular organisms
a single-celled organisms
microscopes
devices that produce magnified images of structures that are too small to see with the unaided eye
Nucleus
directs cell processes; contains the cell's DNA; stores information for cell growth function and reproduction
Nuclear Membrane
double membrane that surrounds the nucleus
Ribosomes
helps manufacture protiens
Nucleolus
produces ribosomes inside the nucleus
ER
site of ribosome attachment; can be smooth or rough
Golgi Body
modifies sorts and packages proteins for transport outside the cell
Cytoplasm
membrane bound storage area within the vessel
Lysosomes
vesicle that contains substances that digest excess or worn-out organelles
centrioles
structure near the nucleus that functions during cell division
mitochondria
converts fuel particles into useable energy
chloroplasts
captures light energy and converts it to chemical energy through photosynthesis
cell wall
gives support to plant cells
cell membrane
projections that allow the cell to move or to move substances along the surface of the cell
vacuole
a tiny cavity filled with fluid in the cytoplasm of a cell