Advantages of being bipedal
forelimbs free not for locomotion, greater height to see relatively far and reach things
Disadvantages of being bipedal
muscles are the same as quadrupeds, but have different functions
What vertebral curves develop after birth?
Cervical and lumbar curves
What vertebral curves are you born with?
thoracic and sacral curves
flat articular surfaces that allow short gliding movements past one another
Plane joint
swinging motion in a single plane, convex surface of one bone fits into the concave surface of another bone
Hinge joint
rounded or pointed surface of one bone articulates with a wring formed partly by another bone and partly by a ligament
Pivot joint
convex oval-shaped projection of one bone fits into the oval-shaped depression of another one
Condyloid joint
articular surface of one bone is saddle-shaped and the other bone fits into the saddle
Saddle joint
ball-like surface of one bone fitting into a cuplike depression of another bone
Ball-and-socket joint
muscle that does most of the work for a given action
Agonist (prime mover)
produces the opposite movement of the agonist
Antagonist
helps prime movers
Synergists
What type of joint are the intervertebral joints?
Plane joints
What type of joint are the brachium joints?
Hinge joint
What type of joints are the wrist joints?
Condyloid joint
What type of joints are the metacarpophalangeal joints of digits?
Condyloid joint
What type of joints are the interphalangeal joints of digits?
Hinge joint
What type of joints are the carpometacarpal joints?
Saddle joint
What type of joint is the metacarpophalangeal joint of the pollex?
Hinge joint
What type of joint is the interphalangeal joint of the pollex?
Hinge joint
What type of joint is the ankle joint?
Hinge joint
What type of joint is the subtalar joint?
Plane joint
What type of joints are the metatarsophalangeal and interphalangeal joints?
Condyloid joint
What type of joint is the Atlanto-occipital joint?
Condyloid joint
What type of joint is the Atlanto-axial joint?
Pivot joint
What type of joint is the temporomandibular joint?
Hinge joint