Mitochondria
Powerhouses of the cell which release energy from food
Ribosomes
Microscopic factories that produce the proteins used by the body for growth and repair
Lysosomes
Garbage disposal units that get rid of waste from the cell
Endoplasmic reticulum
Form pathways that allow materials to move quickly and easily through the cell
Nucleus
Control centre of the cell, controls chemical reactions, how the cell develops and reproduces
Cell membrane
The skin that holds the cell together and controls what goes in and out
Cytoplasm
Watery, jelly-like mixture containing many smaller parts where the work of the cell takes place
Vacuole
May be several in an animal cell containing wastes or chemicals that are being moved around the cell. In a plant cell they are large and occupy most of the cell. They store water, waste and nutrients.
Cell wall
Plants have this outside the cell membrane, helps support the plant and give it shape
Chloroplasts
Contain a green substance called chlorophyll and are the site of photosynthesis
Photosynthesis
The process by which plants manufacture their food
What would happen if the membrane of a cell burst?
All the contents of the cell would leak out and the cell would die
What would happen if the nucleus was removed from a cell?
There would be nothing to control what happened in the cell
What would happen if plant cells had no chlorophyll?
Plants would not be able to manufacture any food and would die
Which organelles would be present in large numbers in cells that require a lot of energy?
Mitochondria
Which organelles would be present in large numbers in cells that manufacture proteins?
Ribosomes
Which organelles would be present in large numbers in cells that carry out photosynthesis?
Chloroplasts
Identify this cell: it is rigid, no green structures seen under high powered microscope?
Fungal cell
Identify this cell: the picture produced by an electron microscope showed channels that criss-crossed the cell
Endoplasmic reticulum
Identify this cell: chemical tests revealed that energy was released in large quantities
Mitochondrian
Identify this cell: there was a rigid outer layer surrounding a watery jelly with distinct green areas
Plant cell
Compare plant and animal cells
Both plant and animal cells have a cell membrane, cytoplasm, a nucleus, ribosomes, endoplasmic, mitochondria and vacuoles. Plant cells have single large vacuole, animal cells have many. Only plant cells have a cell wall and chloroplasts.
Contrast plant and fungal cells
Fungal cells do not have chloroplasts like plant cells, plant and fungal cells have cell walls but they are made of different chemicals.
List 3 specialised cells found in plants
Guard cells, photosynthetic cells, conducting cells, structural cells or root hairs
List 3 specialised cells found in animals
Voluntary muscles, involuntary muscles, nerve cells, red blood cells, white blood cells, white fat cells, or brown fat cells
What does the prefix 'uni' mean as in 'unicellular'
One
What does the prefix 'multi' mean as in 'multicellular'?
Many
Name a leaf cell where the plant's food is made?
Photosynthetic cells
Name animal cells that send electrical messages around the body?
Nerve cells
Name animal cells which help fight infection?
White blood cells
Name cells that control the gases going into and out of a leaf?
Guard cells
What is a specialised cell?
Cells that have a special job to do in the body and has a structure that makes them better able to do their job
Voluntary or involuntary: muscles of upper leg?
Voluntary
Voluntary or involuntary: tongue?
Voluntary
Voluntary or involuntary: muscles in the oesophagus?
Involuntary
Name 4 different organs in the body?
Skin, kidney, heart, liver
List 3 systems in the human body?
Digestive, respiratory, excretory, nervous, reproductive
Name the type of cell division that makes new cells in your body?
Mitosis
What is meant by term organ system?
Several organs that work together to complete a task
Why is skin an organ rather than a tissue?
Skin contains many different types of cells organised into tissue layers. Skin is an organ because it is made up of many different tissues.
The contraction of muscle tissue can cause your arm to bend whereas the contraction of a single muscle cell would have no effect. Why?
Cells are tiny so contraction only has microscopic effect. Millions of cells working together has a much more amplified effect.
Contrast a cell and a tissue.
A tissue is composed of many cells of the same type. A cell is a small part of s tissue.
Contrast an organ and a system.
Organs are made up of a number of tissues and complete part of a task, eg. The small intestine performs the absorption part of digestion.
Systems are made up of a number of organs and complete all aspects of a task eg. The digestive system performs all as