Chapter 10: Cell Growth and Division

Gene

Heredity units in DNA; a segment of DNA that codes for RNA and protein

Chromosome

Structures in which DNA is organized and packaged

Chromatin

DNA wrapped around protein molecules

Histone

The proteins around which DNA wraps; the proteins in chromatin

Nucleosome

The structure made up of a histone core and the DNA around it

Chromatid

Each of the two thick strands in a fully condensed, duplicated chromosome

Centromere

A region of sister chromatids where they are joined to each other

Cell cycle

A repeating sequence of cellular growth and division during the life of a cell

Interphase

The first three phases of the cell cycle; G1 & S &G2; the time in-between cell division

Mitosis

The process of dividing the nucleus into two daughter nuclei

Cytokinesis

The process of separating of organelles and cytoplasm into two cells.

Spindle

A specialized structure outside of the nucleus that is made up of microtubules

Centrosome

A structure that helps form the spindle and in the animal cells includes centrioles

cancer

A group of severe and sometimes fatal diseases that are caused by uncontrolled cell growth

tumor

A mass of cells formed when cells divide uncontrollably