Define Health
HEALTH- the ever-changing process of achieving individual potential in the physical, social, emotional, mental, spiritual, and environmental dimensions.
Define Wellness
WELLNESS- the dynamic, ever-changing process of trying to achieve one's potential in each of six interrelated dimensions based on one's unique limitations and strengths
Discuss historical perspective of health
1800s: Health = absence of illness " Medical Model: health care focused on curing or treating disease
1900s: Emerging Ecological or Public Health Model " Began in the middle 1800's from the work of John Snow, a British physician investigating cholera
1960
Discuss health status of Americans and Healthy
People 2020
Need wealth and behavioral changes (fitness) in your life 2020 focus on quality of life, evolution toward fitness.
society where people live long and healthy lives
Top 3 cancers in men
lung, prostate, colon
Top 3 cancers in woman
lung, breast, colon
Leading causes of death in 1900
1. Tuberculosis
2. Pneumonia/Influenza
3. Digestive Disorders
Leading causes of death now
1. Heart Disease
2. Cancer
3. Stroke
Causes of cancer
Diet = 35%
Tobacco = 30%
Lung, Oral, Bladder & Pancreatic
Sun, STD's & Alcohol/Tobacco = 25%
HSV-Cervical/Penile
HPV-Penile/Vulvar
HIV-Kaposi's Sarcoma
Total = 90% Cancers are Lifestyle
what are factors Influencing Health Behavior
Self Esteem
Alienation Social Isolation, Normlessness, Powerlessness
Locus of Control
Internals - Feel In Control
Externals - Feel Not In Control
Values
Social Influences - Peer Pressure
Other Influences - Age, Gender, Income, Social Status, Family,
Occup
Discuss health challenges faced by people of various racial and cultural backgrounds
The more in poverty the cultural is the less amount of resources for health they will have. White people generally have the best resources compared to other racial groups.
Explain the importance of a global perspective on
population health
As the world and its economies become increasingly globalized, including extensive international travel and commerce, it is necessary to think about health in a global context. ... Promote health abroad. Prevent the international spread of disease. Protec
Evaluate sources of health information
Our beliefs will influence our behavior
The popular press?
which magazines?
Scientific Journals?
Peer reviewed research reported in popular press?
What makes it science?
Explaining/understanding natural phenomena A search for The Truth
Direct observation,
Examine how beliefs, attitudes and significant
others affect a person's behavior changes
People can have a massive influence on you and can change you outlook on things depending on if you look up to and fully trust the person who is giving you the information
Survey behavior change techniques and learn to
apply them
Social Support
Contracting
Reminder Systems
Charts and Logs
Chaining
Realistic and achievable goals
Define Stress
the reaction of the body and mind to everyday challenges and demands
what is a stressor
physical, social, or psychological event
that requires adjustment or disrupts homeostasis
what is a Eustress
stress that presents opportunities for
personal growth - Good Stress
what is a Distress
stress that can have a negative effect on
health - Bad Stress
Explain the General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS)
Alarm phase
Fight-or-flight response
Reaction of the autonomic nervous system
(sympathetic and parasympathetic systems)
what is the resistance phase
return to homeostasis
what is the exhaustion phase
stress overload
Examine health risks associated with chronic
stress
CVD risks
Impaired immunity (psychoneuroimmunology)
Digestive Disorders
Reproductive Disorders
Dysmenorrhea/Amenorrhea/Erectile Dysfunction
Tension Headaches
Migraine Headaches
Skin Disorders
Herpes - Acne - Hives
Muscular Pain
Hypertension
Heart Disease
Psychosocial stressors
accidents/survivors, horrors of history, fear, changes in the world, life crises, conflicts in social relationships etc.
environmental stress
Isolation
Discrimination
Unemployment
Illness
Money
Family
self-imposed sources of stress
Low self-esteem
Certain personality
types
Lack of psychological
hardiness
External locus of
control
Examine special stressors affecting college
students
Traditional Students Feeling Pressure From:
Parents, Career Decisions, Schools to Attend Returning Students Feeling Pressure From:
Employers, Juggling Family, Home, Career and
School
Explore coping techniques for stressors
Good time management strategies
Practice Relaxation Techniques
Incorporate Regular Exercise Into Your Daily Life
Eat A Nutritious Diet
Change Your Thinking
Develop Spiritually
Manage Anger
Examine role of spirituality in dealing with stress
Take Solace in God
" Engage in Prayer (meditation)
definition of aging
aging is characterized by a progressive decline in the body's responses to restore homeostasis, and these changes are apparent in all body systems e.g. crinkled skin, gray hair, loss of bone mass, etc.
What is ageism?
Discrimination based on age
Explain the impact on society of the growing aging
population
Stereotypes can be developed making people look down on you because of your age.
Discuss the biological and psychosocial theories of
aging
Typical physical changes - certain standard changes
occur as a result of the aging process
The skin - thinner, less elasticity, sags and loses
color, age spots
Bones and joints - mineral loss, porosity, loss of
calcium results in osteoporosis
Head - featu
Identify major physiological changes during aging
Physiological changes occur with aging in all organ systems. The cardiac output decreases, blood pressure increases and arteriosclerosis develops. ... Lean body mass declines with age and this is primarily due to loss and atrophy of muscle cells.
sexual changes in men
Notable changes in sexual functioning with age
Erection is slowed, ability to maintain erection is
diminished, length of refractory time increases,
angle of erection declines, orgasm is shorter in
duration
sexual changes in woman
Menopause occurs between 45-53, walls of
vagina become less elastic, vaginal secretions
diminish, breasts less firm, fewer curves due to
fat deposits, decrease in body contours
National Council on Aging study indicates
nearly half of Americans over 60 eng
Mental changes
Intelligence - older people learn and develop
skills similarly to younger people
Memory - short term memory may fluctuate on
a daily basis, ability to remember past events
remains unchanged
Is the mind like the body: Use It or Lose It?
Alzheimer's Disease
Discuss strategies for healthy aging beginning in
young adulthood
having a heathy and fit life style starting at a young age
Define death
Dying - decline in body functions resulting in
death
Death - final cessation of the vital functions
Brain death - irreversible cessation of brain
stem
why do people deny death
in western culture
Avoidance of people who are grieving
Fail to validate a dying person's frightening
situation
Substitute euphemisms (pass away, better place)
Giving false reassurances to people who are dying
Avoid touching dying people
stages of the grieving process and
how to cope with death
Denial, Anger, Bargaining, Preparatory depression, Acceptance
Right to die
A legal right under the Patient Self-Determination Act that allows an individual to determine whether or not to accept medical care to continue life.
Artificial life support
Electrical or mechanical heart resuscitation,
mechanical respiration by machine, nasogastric tube
feeding, intravenous nutrition
Medical Directive
A conscious and competent person has
the right to refuse treatment
Advanced directives or living wills have
sometimes not been honored by medical
institutions or physicians
Choose a physician and hospital that will
carry out the directives of the living w
what is active euthanasia
-doing something to deliberately bring about death
Occurs when the medical professionals, or another person, deliberately do something that causes the patient to die
Examples:
-when to stop resuscitation
-"pull the plug" on ventilator
what is passive euthanasia
Withholding or discontinuing life support (e.g., DNR)
(legal)
What are Hospice care goals
Relieve dying person's pain - Palliative Care
Offer emotional support (often legal too)
Restore a sense of control to dying person, family,
friends
Allow to die at home or home-like settings
Making Funeral Arrangements
Wake or viewing - body is usually embalmed
prior to viewing - memorial service may follow
Methods of body disposal - burial in ground,
entombment above ground in mausoleum,
cremation, anatomical donation
Expenses may include: burial casket, burial vault,
What are vaccines?
The deliberate stimulation of immunity.