Most of earths water is stored
On the surface in liquid form
Which of the below what do most to affect the components of the hydrologic cycle to the greatest extent for the earth as a whole?
The onset of an Ice Age
Most water on earth is in _____ form
Liquid
Of the earths liquid water inventory, most of the freshwater is stored in the form of _____
Glacial ice
The term hydrosphere describes one of the earths spheres and it includes all of the _____
Water in the earth system
Biological water (water in living organisms) constitutes what percentage of water in the earth system?
Less than 1%
In terms of the total global supply of water, how much of it is in circulation at any one time?
A small percentage
Surface water occupies somewhat more then ____ percent of our planet
70
Which of the following storage locations contains the most water?
Glaciers
The maximum time water can be excluded from the hydrologic cycle (that is, exist in "storage") is at least
Hundreds of thousands of years
The reason land surfaces do not flood in oceans do not dry up as a result of imbalances in the hydrologic cycle is a process called
Run off
Water that is not found in oceans accounts for ______ percent of the worlds total water
2.8
Approximately ___ percent of all continental water flows into the ocean
8
Which of the following is the smallest part of the hydrologic cycle?
Soil moisture
A water molecule is composed of ___ atoms
3
Vertical uplift of water vapor in the atmosphere is known as
Convection
Approximately ___ percent of all atmospheric water comes from ocean surfaces
86
About ___ percent of all evaporated moisture comes from the land surface
14
It has been calculated that ___ percent of the worlds total precipitation falls over continents
22
The quantity of water that can be held in subsurface rock or soil depends on the ___ of the material
Porosity
The ____ is a prominent location of sinking water in earths Thermohaline circulation
North Atlantic
Clay has a high ___ and ___ a low because it has a great many, small interstices
Porosity, permeability
Which ocean is surrounded by most of the worlds major volcanoes?
Pacific
Which ocean is bounded by the most continents?
Pacific
Into how many oceans is the "world ocean" usually divided?
4
The greatest girth of the Pacific ocean is in the ____ latitudes
Tropical
The deepest oceanic trenches are in which ocean?
Pacific
According to the textbook, our knowledge of the ocean is
Fairly limited until recently
Which of the below is not generally excepted as an ocean name
Antarctic
Which of the oceans has, by far, most of its surface south of the equator?
Indian
The Aral Sea is
About to disappear because of the diversion rivers feeding the sea
Of the world ocean spreads over ___ of earths surface
Three quarters
The arctic ocean contains about ___ percent of earths total ocean water
4
Approximately ___ percent of the earths lake water is salty
40
Which of the following is not the name of the sea?
Indian
Which is the shallowest ocean in the world?
Arctic
Earths world ocean contains ___ cubic kilometers of salt water
1.32 billion
The salinity of ocean water is derived mainly from
Sodium chloride
The average salinity of seawater is approximately ___ percent of total mass
3.5
The oceans contain approximately __ percent of all water on earth
97
In the oceans, place-to-place differences in water temperature and other characteristics are most prominent
Near the surface
Which of the following is the chemical symbol for most of the salt in oceans
NaCl
The first ___ of the ocean depths exhibit significant differences from place to place
Hundred meters
Of the places listed below, ocean waters generally have the least salinity in
Polar regions
The amount of salt content of ocean water is about
35 parts per thousand
Foraminifera study has shown the oceans are becoming
More acidic
The lowest temperature which is found in liquid surface seawater is approximately
-2
Which seawater has been found to have the least density
Seawater near the bottom
___ is making the oceans progressively acidic
Carbonic acid
The tides with the maximum title elevation are ___ tides
Spring
The lowest high tides are ___ tides
Neap
Which of the following locations is known for its great title range
The bay of Fundy
The tides migrate following ___ course around the earth
The moon's
A wall of seawater rushing up into an embayment is called
A title bore
A single oscillation of the tides (from Low tide to high tide and back again) takes about __ hours
12
Lake tides, at their peak, are usually no more than ___ of rise and fall
2 inches
On the oceans, there are approximately ___ high tides in 24 hours
2
The primary vertical motion of all ocean water is caused by
Gravity
The highest tides occur when the
Earth, sun, and moon are lined up
In the middle of the oceans, high tides can best be described as
Bulges
Geographically speaking, the most important currents
Are the flows making up the oceans general circulations
Primarily, ocean currents are set in motion by
Wind
What does the textbook referred to as it describes "most of this movement is like running in place, with little forward progress involved"?
Waves
The movement of a wave across the surface of the ocean is a movement of ___ rather than matter
Energy
Over three-fourths of the worlds freshwater is held in the form of
Glaciers
Most of the north polar region is covered by
Ice pack
The largest ice shelf on earth approximates ___ square kilometers
100,000
A chunk of independently floating ice is an ice
Berg
Most of the ice of antarctica is stored as
An ice sheet
Most of the surface of the Arctic Ocean is covered by ___ ice
Pack
How much of the land surface of the earth is covered by glacial ice
10%
The ___ ice shelf is the largest on earth
Ross
All of earths frozen water is called the
Cryosphere
The north and south polar ice packs ___ in size during their respective winter seasons
Double
If all of earths glacial water was converted to liquid, the amount would be sufficient to supply the worlds main rivers for ___ years
900
Ice, when it is frozen year-round in the ground, is termed
Permafrost
Find permafrost sometimes degenerates into
Wet thermokarst
The top of permafrost is sometimes called
The active layer
Lakes are common in areas which have been recently
Glaciated
The worlds largest lake, fresh or Saline, is
The Caspian Sea
Which of the worlds largest lakes is Saline
The Caspian Sea
North America's largest lake is
Lake superior
Lakes comprise about ___ percent of the globes unfrozen freshwater surface
90
___ is the world's deepest lake
Lake Baikal
This sea has shrunk to one-third of its former size because of human interference
Aral
Most of the lakes in the north central United States exist as a result of
Glaciation
A swamp and a marsh
Are sometimes related to the infilling of a lake
This lake has been greatly reduced in size because of irrigation withdrawals from the rivers that feed it
Aral Sea
After the Great Lakes, North America's largest freshwater lake is
Great Bear Lake
By far, the lake with the greatest volume of freshwater is
Lake Baykal
This part of the world is noted for large lakes caused by earths crust splitting and by volcanic activity
Eastern and central Africa
The great Salt Lake in Utah is
Without a natural drainage outlet
The difference between swamps and marshes is mainly one of
Trees versus grassland
The world's longest river is that
Nile
Streams which contain water only a fraction of the time are called
Ephemeral
North America's most prominent river system in terms of the area of its drainage basin is the
Missouri-Mississippi
The Amazon River yields about ___ percent of earths total freshwater discharge
20
The Amazon has the greatest discharge in the world. Which river has the second greatest discharge?
The Zaire (Congo)
Europe's longest river is the
Volga
Asia's longest river is the
Yangtze
Which force supplies the energy for percolation
Gravity
The top of the saturated zone of groundwater is called the
Water table
Whenever there is an active well, the water table will be drawn downward to a
Cone of depression
Rock through which groundwater cannot run or flow is a
Aquiclude
Which of the following concerning the Ogallala is false
It is the largest water supply in Mexico
Which of the below best describes water moving to earth material because of the influence of gravity
Percolation
In terms of underground water, the waterless zone generally begins
Several kilometers under the soil
The water table is the top of the
Saturated zone
Within the zone of saturation is found water known as
Groundwater
Typically, a ___ in the confined water zone is a sloping or dipping layer that reaches to, or almost to, the surface at some location, where it can absorb infiltrating water
Aquifer
A localized zone of saturation which develops above and aquiclude is called a
Perched water table
The movement of groundwater is
Any direction according to the forces involved
Which of the following is found closest to the surface of Earth
The zone of aeration
The level to which water will rise on its own in a drilled well is the
Piezometric surface
Clay is both ___ and ___
Porous, non-permeable
In Las Vegas, Nevada, the ground water supply
Being depleted
GRACE is a German/NASA project that monitors
Groundwater levels