Physical Geography Chapter 11

___ is NOT one of the world's biomes

Ice Fields

The boundary between middle latitude forest and middle latitudes grasslands is most closely related to the concept of the ___

Ecotone

Shrubland has a wide distribution but is most common in ___ locales.

Semiarid

Which is NOT among the natural means for dispersal of seeds?

Meteorite collisions

Plants which survive seasonal climatic fluctuations from year to year are____

Perennials

95% of all reptiles are ___

Snakes and Lizards

Which of the following plant types is herbaceous?

Grasses

The Timing of an entire life cycle into a few days after a rain and then followed by a long period of dormancy is a characteristic of ___ plants.

Xerophytic

The ability to use solar energy in food production is

Not exhibited in animals

Taproots thorns and fleshy stems are characteristics of

Xerophytes

Hardwood and Softwood

are unsatisfactory descriptions of trees

A(n) _____ tree is one that sheds its leaves on a sporadic or successive basis with no seasonal variation

Evergreen

The higher plant type that carries its seeds in cones is the ___

Gymnosperm

____ were more important in past earth history today the only large surviving varieties are cone bearing trees such as pines.

Gymnosperms

The hardwood broadleaf deciduous trees around the world are____

Angiosperms

Plants that live above ground and out of contact with the soil usually growing on trees or shrubs are ___

Epiphytes

Some of the spore bearing plants are termed

Pteridophyes

These plants perish during times of climatic stress

Annuals

Along with a few conifer species this type of plant has dominated earth for the last 50 or 60 million years

anglosperms

Except in the rainy topics virtually all neddleleaf trees are

Evergreen

Which of the following does NOT belong with the others

Shrubland

Plants adapted to environments which surplus moisture are called

Hygrophytic

The Transfer of moisture from plant leaves to atmosphere is__

Transpiration

The classic example of the effects of the environment on a species is shown by the ___ on a fox

Size of ears

Which of the following types Is succulent?

Cactus

The land policies of the Brazilian government have caused ___ Brazils rainforest to be removed ?

20%

A type of species removal when vegetation is naturally replaced by another group is termed

Succession

A ____ is a natural but variable sequential change in vegetation patterns

Succession

____ is the term most associated with environmental equilibrium in a vegetation community

Climax vegetation

In plant succession each successive community tends to be ____ then the previous one

Taller

In considering the major vegetation associates we should remember that___

Change is inevitable

The few trees in an area of mid latitude grassland biome probably would be___

Riparian

Climax vegetation can be closely associated with the concept of ___

Equilibrium

___ is a floristic association usually found in slightly drier climates than the forest floristic association

Woodlands

A floristic association dominated by tall grasslands and found in the middle latitudes is

Prairie

The floristic association which is much less extensive than the others on the list is

Wetlands

According to the concept of vertical zonation changes in ___ are the counterpart of changes in altitude.

Latitude

The reason that treelines at the same latitudes north and south of the Equator occur at different altitudes is ___

Not completely understood

A slope struck by a low sun angle has relatively low evaporation and thus supports a relatively luxuriant vegetation growth and is know as an __ slope

Ubac

Vegetation growing alongside stream is termed

Riparian

Which statement is TRUE

Valley bottoms tend to have riparian vegetation's.

Organisms capable of self generated movement are termed

Mobile

Which of the following is NOT common animal adaptation to prolonged dry weather?

Delayed implantation

____ is one of the features distinguishing mammals from all other animal groups

True hair

Animals are not as accurate environmental indicators as plants, mainly because of their___

Mobility

____ is (are)NOT (an) animal adaptation prominent in the desert biome

Hygrophytic characteristics

Which of the following is NOT descriptive of most desert animals?

Low range of daily body temperatures

Which of the following does not refer specifically to animal adaptations to the environment?

Succession

Which of the following is NOT a difference between plants and animals?

Animals need nutrients and plants do not.

____ is (are) characteristics of a high proportion of animals.

Nomadism

The most remarkable series of adjustments to the desert environment has been made by

Dromedary

Ungulates are ___

Hoofed animals

Which of the following are NOT vertebrates?

Anthropools

There are approximately ___ known species of birds

9,000

The biological classification puts amphibians under the more general heading of

Vertebrates

An animal is ___ if it is able to maintain its temperature through bodily process

Endothermic

Birds are believed to have evolved from ___

reptiles

The egg-laying mammals of the Australian region are the

Monotremes

Which of the following characteristics is closely associated with mammals and birds but not other groups of animals

They are endothermic .

Which of the following are most abundant on Earth?

Arthropods

___ is the arrangement in which two dissimilar oranisms live together.

Symbiosis

____ involves two dissimilar organisms living tighter with no injury to either. An example is burrowing owls sharing the underground homes of prairie dogs.

Commensalism

The major zoogeographic regions of the world are mapped to the original delineation by

Wallace

Most of North America including the USA and Canada lies within the ___ zoogeographic realm

Nearctic

The world zoogeographic regions map includes ONLY ___ animals.

Wild

By far the zoogeographic region with the most distinct flora and fauna is ____

The Australian region

Trees of the genus Eucalyptus dominate the vegetation of ___

Australia

Which zoogeographic region has the most limited faunal assemblage?

The Pacific Islands

The South American Continent falls within the zoogeographic ____ region

Neotropical

Which zoogeographic covers most of Asia?

Palearctic

The zoogeographic region dominated by flightless birds is the ___

New Zealand

Which of the following facilitated the interchange of animals between the Narcotic and Paleartic regions?

the Bering Land Brindge

_____ total (major plus minor) zoogeographic regions are generally recognized.

Nine

The interior of the ___ biome, one would find the aroma of mold and decomposition, high humidity and much plant litter of the forest floor.

Tropical rainforest

An alternate term for tropical ratifiers biomes is

Selva

A large component of the world's selva is located in

Central Africa

After the rainforest is cleared for agriculture the most typical occurrence is that_____

The soils soon lose their ferility

___ is the country with the largest expanse of tropical rainforest

Brazil

In the tropical deciduous forest, trees shed their leaves because of a short but pronounced ________.

Dry season

Which biome has a high proportion of thorny plants?

Tropical scrub

This biome is widespread in drier portions of the A climatic realm. It is dominated by low-growing
scraggly trees and tall bushes.

Tropical scrub

Most of the "big game" mammals in Africa are naturally adapted to the biome ________.

Tropical Savanna

Savanna is a mix of ________ species.

Grassland

Savannas usually include some trees dotting the landscape. This type of savanna is known as
________ savanna.

Park

The major biome characterized by the least trees is the ________.

Savanna

Xerophytes are plants of the ________ region.

Desert

In the desert biome, ________ is rapid for almost all forms of life.

Rate of reproduction

In the desert biome, animal life can be said to be ________.

Inconspicuous

________ is a biome adapted to summer fires and rapid vegetative recovery.

Mediterranean woodland and shrub

____ is a biome characterized by a sparse cover of widely scattered individual plants.

Desert

Most of the eastern United States was originally covered with ________.

Midlatitude forest

The richest assemblage of flora and fauna outside the tropics are in the ________ biome

Midlatitude deciduous forest

A vegetation type dominated by coniferous needle-leaf evergreen trees is the ________ biome.

Boreal forest

A synonym for the boreal forest biome is ________.

Taiga

Both steppe and tundra vegetation zones have ________ in common.

Absence of Trees

No other element of the physical landscape has been so transformed and rearranged by human
interference as the ________.

Plants

Plants introduced into new habitats in which they were not originally raised are ________.

Exotic

Because of heavy interference by humans, maps of world biomes are best thought of as maps of
________ natural vegetation

Theoretical

Concerning natural vegetation, which of the following is NOT true?

It has, worldwide, been heavily disturbed by humans

Currently the greatest rate of deforestation of the tropical rainforest is on the continent of ____

Asia

Which of the following is a plant which is exotic to Florida and has had disastrous environmental
consequences

The Hydrilla

The establishment of ________ in various countries can be described as an UNESCO attempt to
protect biosphere diversity

Biosphere reserves

The opening of Rondonia to settlers caused deforestations and other ill effects in the country of

Brazil