Geography Ch. 7

Weather is

the short-tern condition of the atmosphere

The term "orographic" refers to

forced uplift due to the presence of a physical barrier

During the occluded stage of a mid latitude cyclone

the cold front overruns the slower moving warm front

Which of the following characteristics is not associated with a well-developed newly forms cP air mass?
a) formation in the Southern Hemisphere
b) cold temperatures
c) anticyclonic wind flow
d) high pressure
e) clear skies

formation in the Southern Hemisphere

Air masses which develop over Canada are examples of ________ air masses.
a) cP
b) A
c) cT
d) mP
e) mT

a) cP

Which of the following is false regarding wave-cyclone development, intensification, and strengthening?
a) A midlatitude cyclone, from birth to maturity to dissolution, takes an average of a month.
b) Cyclogenesis is the name for this process.
c) They can

a) A midlatitude cyclone, from birth to maturity to dissolution, takes an average of a month.

________ is an example of an environmental satellite used in weather forecasting and analysis.
a) SPOT Gen 3
b) Landsat 8
c) Quickbird
d) Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR)
e) Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellites (GOES)

e) Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellites (GOES)

Why does occlusion occur in a midlatitude cyclone?
a) because cold fronts rise over warm fronts
b) because warm fronts overtake cold fronts
c) because cold fronts travel faster than warm fronts
d) because warm fronts have denser, more unified air masses
e

c) because cold fronts travel faster than warm fronts

The maritime tropical Pacific (mT) and maritime tropical Gulf and Atlantic (mT) air masses are
a) similar in that neither occur during the Northern Hemisphere winter.
b) both less active during summer months.
c) different from one another because the Paci

c) different from one another because the Pacific air mass usually has lower specific humidity than the Gulf/Atlantic air mass.

Which of the following is the most characteristic of a cold front?
a) development of squall lines
b) sudden temperature rise with frontal passage
c) slow moving air masses
d) gentle drizzling precipitation
e) formation of nimbostratus clouds

a) development of squall lines

Which of the following would not result in the modification of the air mass?
a) A cA air mass moving across the Gulf of Alaska
b) A cT air mass moving across the Gulf of Mexico
c) A mT air mass moving across Texas
d) A cP air mass remaining stationary ove

d) A cP air mass remaining stationary over central Canada

When a cold cP air mass passes over the warmer Great Lakes, it absorbs heat energy and moisture and becomes humidified. This is known as the
a) maritime effect.
b) lake effect.
c) humidity effect.
d) continental effect.
e) Michigan effect.

b) lake effect

Which of the following statements about orographic lifting is correct?
a) Rainfall is enhanced by cool chinook winds on the windward slope.
b) Air typically becomes cooler and moister as it passes over a mountain.
c) The rain shadow is on the windward slo

e) The rain shadow is on the leeward slope.

Which air mass is associated with high humidity in the eastern United States?
a) continental tropical
b) maritime polar
c) continental polar
d) maritime tropical
e) continental arctic

d) maritime tropical

When a cold front approaches, air pressure will initially ________ due to the displacement and uplift of ________ air.
a) decrease; both warm and cold
b) decrease; cold
c) increase; warm
d) increase; cold
e) decrease; warm

e) decrease; warm

Which of the following statements about lifting mechanisms is correct?
View Available Hint(s)
a) Orographic lifting occurs mainly in the plains states.
b) Lifting is only caused by a terrain feature such as a mountain.
c) Air parcels cool adiabatically wh

c) Air parcels cool adiabatically when lifted.

Which is incorrectly matched?
a) mT-warm, humid, variable stability depending on source region
b) cP-cold, dense air
c) AA-antarctic.
d) mP-warm, moist, stable conditions
e) cA-very cold, very dry, stable

d) mP-warm, moist, stable conditions

The dry leeward side of a mountain is often termed a(n)
a) chinook.
b) orogeny.
c) straight line.
d) front.
e) rain shadow.

e) rain shadow.

Which of the following pressure systems reside within the source region for mP air masses?
a) Bermuda high and Pacific high
b) Icelandic low and Bermuda high
c) Bermuda high and Icelandic low
d) Aleutian low and Icelandic low
e) Aleutian low and Pacific h

d) Aleutian low and Icelandic low

Which of the following processes causes lake effect snow?
a) cP air masses absorb heat and moisture from the Great Lakes and release precipitation as they cool and move over the land.
b) Air rising over the Great Lakes draws in cA air masses, which releas

a) cP air masses absorb heat and moisture from the Great Lakes and release precipitation as they cool and move over the land.

Which of the following is false regarding air masses?
a) Air masses interact to create weather patterns.
b) An air mass initially reflects the characteristics of its source region.
c) They may dominate half the depth of the troposphere.
d) They are homoge

e) Air masses maintain their original characteristics as they migrate from their source regions.

Occlusion in a midlatitude wave cyclone can occur because
a) warm and cold fronts travel at the same speed.
b) warm fronts travel more quickly than cold fronts.
c) cold fronts travel more quickly than warm fronts.
d) warm air sinks in low pressure areas.

c) cold fronts travel more quickly than warm fronts.

After a cold front passes, the temperature ________ and the pressure ________ (relative to the conditions that existed prior to the passage of the front).
a) increases; increases
b) decreases; increases
c) decreases; decreases
d) increases; decreases
e) r

b) decreases; increases

Air rising forcibly lifted upslope when it meets a topographic barrier such as a mountain is an example of ________ lifting.
convectional
advective
orographic
frontal
convergent

orographic

Air flowing from different directions to an area of low pressure, coming together, and being displaced upward is an example of ________ lifting.
frontal
convergent
orographic
radiative
convectional

convergent

________ is an example of a ground-based tool used in weather forecasting and analysis.
Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellites (GOES)
SPOT Gen 3
Quickbird
Doppler radar
Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR)

doppler radar

Air displacement at a zone of discontinuity between two air masses of different temperature, pressure, humidity, wind speed and direction, and cloud development is an example of ________ lifting.
orographic
convergent
frontal
convectional
radiative

frontal

Surface weather information in the United States come mainly from which of the following?
Advanced Weather Interactive Processing System (AWIPS)
geographic information systems
Doppler Radar
weather satellites
Automated Surface Observing System (ASOS)

Automated Surface Observing System (ASOS)

What weather instrument provides direct measurements about wind speed, direction, pressure, temperature, and humidity aloft?
View Available Hint(s)
GOES East and GOES West
radiosondes
synoptic weather map
ASOS
Doppler radar

radiosondes

A(n)________ is a homogenous volume of air defined based on its temperature, and moisture characteristics.
parcel
air mass
cloud
cyclone
front

air mass

Air rising as a result of being stimulated by local surface heating is an example of ________ lifting.
frontal
upslope
convectional
convergent
orographic

convectional

A mT air mass is likely to be ________ than a cT air mass because the mT air mass ________.
wetter; forms over the ocean
hotter; forms over the ocean
wetter; is warmer than the cT air mass
drier; forms under the equatorial low
drier; is a cold air mass

wetter; forms over the ocean

The wetter, intercepting slope of a mountain is termed the ________ slope, whereas the drier, downwind slope is termed the ________ slope.
leeward; windward
wet front; dry front
west side; east side
left side; right side
windward; leeward

windward; leeward

Which of the following is a typical feature of midlatitude cyclones in the eastern United States?
View Available Hint(s)
The warm front is characterized by thunderstorms, and the cold front is characterized by a sequence of clouds growing lower and thicke

an mT air mass colliding with a cP air mass

Cyclonic storm tracks across the United States and Canada generally
shift to the south in winter, and toward the north in summer.
have very little influence on severe weather.
move south to north.
exist in spring and fall only.
move east to west.

shift to the south in winter, and toward the north in summer.

Which statement describes midlatitude cyclones?
View Available Hint(s)
Midlatitude cyclones typically are found along the ITCZ.
Midlatitude cyclones are formed around migrating centers of surface high pressure.
Winds blow clockwise and out from a midlatit

Midlatitude cyclones are also called wave cyclones.

During the open stage of a midlatitude cyclone in the Northern Hemisphere,
a disturbance develops along the polar front with warm air converging and rising near the surface.
occlusion occurs, resulting in precipitation.
a faster moving cold front overtake

warm air moves northward along an advancing front, while cold air advances southward.

Which of the following terms is paired with its correct definition?
View Available Hint(s)
convergent lifting = air lifted by local surface heating
convectional lifting = air lifted at the leading edges of contrasting air masses
frontal lifting = air forc

orographic lifting = air lifted over a topographic barrier

All of the following except ________ are typically used in weather forecasting and weather map preparation.
precipitation
wind speed and direction
surface air temperature
natural vegetation
barometric pressure

natural vegetation

Capital letters in air mass names reflect the ________ characteristics of the air mass
temperature
moisture
cloud
relative humidity
wind

temperature

After a warm front passes, the temperature ________ and the pressure ________ (relative to the conditions that existed prior to the passage of the front).
decreases; decreases
increases; increases
increases; decreases
remains unchanged; decreases
decrease

increases; dedcreases

Which of the following is incorrectly matched?
squall line - turbulent, changing wind patterns slightly ahead of a cold front
abruptly lifted warmer air - cold front
drizzly precipitation - warm front
cold front - clear cold air and high clouds as the fro

cold front - clear cold air and high clouds as the front approaches

How are air masses classified?
View Available Hint(s)
moisture and temperature
moisture content alone
temperature, humidity, and stability
temperature alone
temperature and source region

moisture and temperature

The severity of storm activity along a warm front is ________ that along most cold fronts because the rate of uplift is ________ along a warm front.
greater than; slower
less than; slower
greater than; faster
less than; faster
equal to; equal

less than; slower

Tropical cyclones
are produced by the conflict between air masses and frontal activity.
originate entirely within tropical air masses.
are called hurricanes worldwide.
are classified using the Enhanced Fujita scale.
usually form poleward of 23.5� latitude

originate entirely within tropical air masses.

The Saffir-Simpson scale estimates potential property damage from
hurricanes.
storm surges.
tornadoes.
tropical depressions.
wave cyclones.

hurricanes

In which of the following areas will thunderstorms not develop?
along frontal boundaries
under areas of strong high pressure
in areas of surface convergence
in areas of orographic uplift
in areas during unstable atmospheric conditions

under areas of strong high pressure

Which of the following was the deadliest Atlantic hurricane of the last 100 years?
Hurricane Bonnie
Hurricane Katrina
Hurricane Andrew
Hurricane Camille
Hurricane Mitch

Hurricane Mitch

Which is not true of Derechos?
They occur mainly from May to August.
They are caused by the same conditions that cause thunderstorms and tornadoes.
The winds travel in a curved path.
They occur mainly in the Midwest and Southeast.
They have been measured

The winds travel in a curved path

Variation of wind speed and direction with altitude is known as
wind shear.
convection.
convergence.
derechos.
supercells.

wind shear

Which is the correct order of tropical cyclone classification, from weakest to strongest?
tropical storm-tropical disturbance-tropical depression-hurricane
tropical depression-tropical disturbance-super typhoon--hurricane
tropical disturbance-tropical dep

tropical disturbance-tropical depression-tropical storm-hurricane