Exam 3 - Question 1
The sandblasting action of wind-blown particles is called
A. Deflation
B. Abrasion
C. Grinding
D. Saltation
B. Abrasion
Exam 3 - Question 2
A desert pavement surface is associated with which of the following types of desert?
A. polar desert
B. erg
C. reg
D. sand and sea
C. Reg
Exam 3 - Question 4
Rocks that appear pitted and grooved, and sometimes polished smooth by eolian processes, are termed
A. ventifacts
B. alluvium
C. yardangs
D. desert pavements
A. Ventifacts
A characteristic cone-shaped depositional feature in the desert that usually forms at the mouth of a canyon is known as a(n)
A. alluvial fan
B. playa
C. bolson
D. bajada
A. Alluvial Fan
Exam 3 - Question 5
The removal and lifting of individual loose particles by the wind is termed
A. deposition
B. abrasion
C. saltation
D. deflation
D. Deflation
Exam 3 - Question 6
Stream-related processes are termed
A. hydrological
B. erosion
C. fluvial
D. geomorphological
c. fluvial
Exam 3 - Question 7
Which of the following grain sizes is most readily moved by the wind?
A. Small
B. Intermediate
C. Large
intermediate
An interruption in a stream's graded profile of equilibrium is called a
a) graduation
b) nickpoint
c) base level
d) longitudinal interruption
b) nickpoint
Exam 3 - Question 41
An extensive area of sand and sand dunes is known as a(n)
A. lag desert
B. desert pavement
C. reg desert
D. erg desert, or sand sea
erg desert, or sand sea
Exam 3 - Question 42
A desert is an area in which
A. actual evapotranspiration rates exceed potential evapotranspiration rates
B. actual and potential evapotranspiration rates are roughly equal
C. hot conditions exist throughout the year
D. potential evap
D. potential evapotranspiration rates exceed actual evapotranspiration rates
Exam 3 - Question 43
Which of the following is an endogenic process?
A. stream deposition
B. weathering
C. glacial erosion
D. volcanism
D. Volcanism
Exam 3 - Question 44
At which of the following locations is new ocean crust being formed?
A. oceanic rift zones
B. in oceanic trenches
C. along collision zones between two oceanic plates
D. along collision zones between two continents
a) oceanic rift zones
Exam 3 - Question 45
The state of Georgia is principally within which major drainage basin?
A. North Atlantic
B. Ohio
C. Tennessee
D. South Atlantic-Gulf
D) south atlantic Gulf
Exam 3 - Question 46
Which of the following correctly describes a dry stream bed that is intermittently filled with water
A. wadi
B. wash
C. arroyo
D. all of these are correct
C) arroyo
Exam 3 - Question 47
Which of the following is correct regarding worldwide sea level?
A. It was about 130m (430ft) lower 18,000 B.P., and about 10-20 cm lower 100 years ago or so
B. Changes seem to occur without any relation to global average temperatures
A. It was about 130m (430ft) lower 18,000 B.P., and about 10-20 cm lower 100 years ago or so
Exam 3 - Question 48
Which of the following is correct?
A. The age of the sea floor is the same in most areas of the ocean
B. The age of the sea floor increases with increasing distance from a midocean ridge
C. The age of the sea floor increases with incr
B. The age of the sea floor increases with increasing distance from a midocean ridge
Exam 3 - Question 49
During the past ice age, landmasses were generally
A. more exposed to the atmosphere
B. pressed down into the asthenosphere by the load of ice
C. unaffected by the climatic conditions of the time
D. elevated, because ice is lighter th
B. pressed down into the asthenosphere by the load of ice
Exam 3 - Question 50
The area at the surface directly above the subsurface location where seismic waves are initiated is termed the
A. focus, or hypocenter
B. epicenter
C. Richter zone
D. fault area
b) epicenter
Exam 3 - Question 51
Natural levees are created during
A. low flow conditions
B. floods
C. normal flow conditions
D. none of these -- all levees are man-made
b) floods
Exam 3 - Question 8
A general term for the coastal environment is
A. shoreline
B. littoral zone
C. coastline
D. coast
B) littoral zone
Exam 3 - Question 9
Regular patterns of smooth, rounded waves are called
A. wave ripples
B. breakers
C. swells
D. wave trains
c) swells
Exam 3 - Question 10
The term eolian refers to
A. weathering and mass movement in humid regions
B. stream-lined processes
C. erosion, transportation, and deposition by the wind
D. glacial processes in areas outside the polar regions
C. erosion, transportation, and deposition by the wind
Exam 3 - Question 11
The general term for clay, silt, and sand deposited by running water is
A. soil
B. debris
C. mud
D. alluvium
d) alluvium
Exam 3 - Question 12
The undulating form that gives Earth's surface its character and general configuration is called
A. topography
B. an order of relief
C. relief
D. crust
A. topography
Exam 3 - Question 13
Pulverized rock and clastic materials ejected violently during an eruption are called
A. cinders
B. tephra, or pyroclastics
C. volcanic ash
D. explosive debris
B. tephra, or pyroclastics
Exam 3 - Question 14
Which of the following supports the continental drift concept?
A. radiometric dating of rocks on either side of a spreading center
B. magnetic field patterns preserved in the rocks
C. plant and animal fossil records
D. all of the abov
D. all of the above support the theory
Exam 3 - Question 15
Orogenesis refers to
A. the beginning of extensive faulting
B. the formation of mountains without faulting, folding, or the capture of migrating terranes
C. a general thinning of the crust
D. a general term for a mountain-building epi
D. a general term for a mountain-building episode that thickens continental crust
Exam 3 - Question 16
An earthquake, a submarine landslide, or an eruption of an undersea volcano is capable of producing a
A. tsunami
B. slow-moving giant swell
C. wave in the open ocean of great height
D. tidal wave
a) tsunami
Exam 3 - Question 17
Drainage density refers to
A. the thickness of the water in the stream
B. the number of channels in an area
C. the arrangement of channels in a given area
D. a measure determined by dividing the length of all the channels by the area
D. a measure determined by dividing the length of all the channels by the area of its drainage basin
Exam 3 - Question 18
Maximum velocity in a stream is found
A. at the center and near the surface, corresponding with the shallowest parts of the stream channel
B. near the inside of a meander
C. near the bottom
D. at the center and near the surface, corre
D. at the center and near the surface, corresponding with the deepest parts of the stream channel
Exam 3 - Question 19
A drainage basin with a very high drainage density would be considered to be
A. highly dissected
B. moderately dissected
C. un-dissected
A. highly dissected
Exam 3 - Question 20
A common crescent-shaped dune with horns pointed downwind is called a
A. barchan dune
B. longitudinal dune
C. seif dune
D. transverse dune
A. barchan dune
Exam 3 - Question 21
Terranes refer to
A. displaced and migrating pieces of Earth's crust
B. the "lay of the land"
C. the continental shields within each continent
D. the topography of a tract of land
A. displaced and migrating pieces of Earth's crust
Exam 3 - Question 22
What type of rock forms from the solidification of molten material?
A. metamorphic
B. sedimentary
C. igneous
c) igneous
Exam 3 - Question 23
Vertical elevation differences in a local landscape are referred to as
A. topography
B. an order of relief
C. crust
D. relief
D) relief
Exam 3 - Question 24
A cutoff on a meandering stream results in the formation of
A. a terrace
B. a levee
C. a point bar
D. a braided stream
E. an oxbow lake
E. an oxbow lake
Exam 3 - Question 25
Near the shore, waves of transition begin to "feel bottom" and, as a result, the orbits of the water molecules in the wave become more __________. This process eventually causes _________ to form.
A. elliptical; swells
B. elliptical;
B. elliptical; breakers
Exam 3 - Question 26
Which of the following is an exogenic process?
A. weathering
B. flows of heat and materials in the mantle
C. earthquakes
D. volcanism
A) Weathering
Exam 3 - Question 27
After water itself, what are the primary elements which occur in sea water?
A. potassium and chlorine
B. hydrogen and sodium
C. chlorine and sodium
D. sodium and magnesium
C. chlorine and sodium
Exam 3 - Question 28
Wave action works to straighten a coast as wave energy focuses around headlands and tends to disperse energy in coves and bays in a process called
A. wave refraction
B. tidal bore
C. longshore current
D. breakers
A. wave refraction
Exam 3 - Question 29
Which of the following is correct regarding loess deposits?
A. They are principally composed of sands and gravels
B. They form only following glacial activity
C. They are formed of fine-grained clays and silts
D. They are found only i
C. They are formed of fine-grained clays and silts
Exam 3 - Question 30
Coral bleaching refers to
A. the loss of algae from the coral
B. the killing of coral formations by chlorine bleach pollution
C. the replacement of normal, colored algae by white algae
D. all of these are included within the definitio
A. the loss of algae from the coral
Exam 3 - Question 31
Which of the following is an example of a first order of relief?
A. the Shenandoah Valley
B. the Tibetan plateau
C. an ocean basin
D. the Alps and Rockies
C. an ocean basin
Exam 3 - Question 32
Coral formations
A. tend to occur poleward of 30o latitude
B. survive in a broad ecological range because they are tolerant of temperature, salinity, and depth variation
C. are made of animals living symbiotically with simple algae
D.
C. are made of animals living symbiotically with simple algae
Exam 3 - Question 33
Particles of sand, gravels, and shells that move along the shore form the
A. breakers
B. beach drift
C. longshore current
D. translation effect
B. beach drift
Exam 3 - Question 34
Which of the following is incorrectly matched?
A. tension -- stretching or faulting
B. strain -- stress-induced
C. compression -- shortening or folding
D. shearing -- stretching or faulting
D. shearing -- stretching or faulting
Exam 3 - Question 35
An exotic stream is
A. any river that flows from an arid region to one of adequate precipitation
B. any river that arises in a humid region and then passes through to an arid region
C. one involved in a particular historical event
D.
B. any river that arises in a humid region and then passes through to an arid region
Exam 3 - Question 36
Given present global warming trends and predicted climate change for the next century, sea level is estimated to rise
A. in an amount unrelated to the temperature of the ocean
B. between 0.18 -- 0.59 m (7.1 -- 23.2 in.)
C. in a way th
B. between 0.18 -- 0.59 m (7.1 -- 23.2 in.)
Exam 3 - Question 37
The belief that disasters have produced most of the major features of Earth is called
A. metastable thresholds
B. isostasy
C. catastrophism
D. uniformitarianism
C. catastrophism
Exam 3 - Question 38
Stream transport involves all of the following except
A. bed load
B. saltation
C. traction
D. sheet flow
D. sheet flow
Exam 3 - Question 39
Uniformitarianism assumes that
A. mountains, plains, and canyons formed by catastrophic events
B. Earth is quite young and is shaped by dramatic events
C. the same physical processes we see today are key to understanding the processes
C. the same physical processes we see today are key to understanding the processes that have been operating throughout geologic time
Exam 3 - Question 52
Consider the equation Q = wdv. According to the equation, if Q (discharge) remains constant, but w and d decrease (as when a channel becomes more narrow and shallow), the velocity will
A. decrease
B. remain constant
C. increase
C. increase
Exam 3 - Question 53
A rock transformed from any other rock through extreme heat and or pressure is referred to as
A. sedimentary
B. igneous
C. metamorphic
D. ancient
c. metamorphic
Exam 3 - Question 54
Which of the following is correct of a floodplain?
A. It is generally filled with layers of alluvium
B. It is an erosional feature located within a depositional feature
C. Floodplains are not associated with deposition
A. It is generally filled with layers of alluvium
Exam 3 - Question 55
Limestone is a type of ______ rock that forms when _______.
A. sedimentary; calcium carbonate precipitates, or organic material containing calcium carbonate accumulated in a water environment
B. igneous; lava cools
C. igneous; magma c
A. sedimentary; calcium carbonate precipitates, or organic material containing calcium carbonate accumulated in a water environment
Exam 3 - Question 56
Composite cones have steep slopes and experience _______ eruptions because they are composed of ______ magma
A. violent; felsic
B. violent; mafic
C. mild; felsic
D. mild; mafic
A. violent; felsic
Exam 3 - Question 57
Continental crust is basically ______, whereas oceanic crust is basically _______.
A. thin; thick
B. granite; basalt
C. basalt; granite
D. sima; sial
B. granite; basalt
Exam 3 - Question 58
Water can be considered a "universal" solvent.
A. True
B. False
A True
Exam 3 - Question 59
Limestone is lithified metamorphic rock, high in magnesium, whereas marble is a sedimentary form.
A. True
B. False
B. False
Exam 3 - Question 60
Water is a more effective agent of erosion in deserts than wind
A. True
B. False
A. True
Exam 3 - Question 61
Rivers have played a relatively minor role in the geography of human history
A. True
B. False
B. False
The Appalachians are older than the Rockies
A. True
B. False
A. True
Exam 3 - Question 64
Erosion of the walls of a channel normally occurs on the outside curve of a meander.
A. True
B. False
A. True
Exam 3 - Question 63
The principle of isostasy refers to the vertical movement of Earth's crust in response to loading and unloading of weight, such as ice or sediment.
A. True
B. False
A. True
Exam 3 - Question 65
The Alps and alpine complex in Europe are an example of a third order of relief.
A. True
B. False
B. False
Exam 3 - Question 66
Continental shields, or cratons, are generally of low elevation and old in age.
A. True
B. False
A. True
Exam 3 - Question 67
Earthquake and volcanic occurrences do not correlate well with crustal plate boundaries.
A. True
B. False
B. False
Exam 3 - Question 68
The Colorado River system is experiencing a drought that is more severe than any in the historic record
A. True
B. False
A. True
Exam 3 - Question 69
As the potential evapotranspiration increases, salinity decreases.
A. True
B. False
A. True
Exam 3 - Question 70
A single groin can produce both sand erosion and deposition
A. True
B. False
A. True
Exam 3 - Question 71
The Atacama Desert is one of the world's driest regions and is located on the Southwest coast of Africa
A. True
B. False
B. False
Exam 3 - Question 72
A major drainage basin consists of a single watershed.
A. True
B. False
B. False
Exam 3 - Question 73
The Basin and Range Province of the interior western United States is a type of horst-and-graben topography.
A. True
B. False
A. True
desert pavement refers to
a. surfaces of concentrated pebbles and gravels
b. surfaces that evidently were not affected by the persian war
c. sand covered surfaces
d. specially constructed roadbeds in dry and hot regions
a. surfaces of concentrated pebbles and gravels
drowned glacial valleys are known as
Fjord
the motion of seismic waves is initiated along the subsurface location along the fault plane:
Focus
true or false: the dynamic equilibrium landscape of evolution emphasize a balance among forces rather than a model based on cyclical
True
In order to avoid earthquakes you would want to live along:
Shield
true or false: A flood plain consists of alluvium
True
Which of the following is not sedimentary rock
Marble (metamorphic)
Terrain refers to
Topography (lay of the land)
Angle of repose
34 degrees describes angle associated with sand; maximum angle face can hold before fails; varies with sediment.
97. Ground glacial valleys
A pattern ostern lake
Pangea is about...
220-225 million years old