The term Philosophy literally means
the love of wisdom
ask the question about the existence of God, the problem of evil, and the relationship between faith and reason
philosophy of religion
The criterion of "compatibility" evaluates a philosophy in terms of its compatibility with
well established facts and theories
logic of study is
the principles for distinguishing correct reasoning from incorrect reasoning
three of the six criteria for evaluating a philosophy are
clarity, consistency, comprehensiveness
A __ argument is a valid argument with all true permises
sound
In Plato's Allegory of the Cave, the treed prisoner, after escaping from the cave, does what?
goes back into the cave to tell his fellow prisoners about his experience
Rhetoric is
the art of public speaking
In Plato's Allegory of the Cave, the shadows represented
physical world
A set of statements in which one or more of the statements attempt to provide reasons for the truth of another statement is called
an arguement
One of the main teachings of the Sophist was
skepticism
Plato's Allegory shows that he believed
there are two levels of reality and two levels of knowledge
A __ argument is a strong argument with all true premises
cogent
Who referred to himself as the "Midwife of ideas?
Socrates
Expressing two assertions that could not both be true under any possible circumstances is known as
a logical inconsistency
Who claimed that Socrates was the wisest guy in Athens?
the Oracle of Delphi
the statement in an argument that the premises are claimed to support or imply is called
a conclusion
is the study of the nature and source of knowledge
epistemology
Socrates claimed that a good person cannot be harmed by others because
a good person would not allow someone else to harm their true self, or soul
In Plato's Allegory of the Cave, the prisoner represents
all of these (Athenians, Sophists, Us)
An argument in which it is claimed that the conclusion necessarily follows the premises is called a(n)
deductive arguement
The doctrine that we cannot have true knowledge is called
skeptism
Socrates was sentenced to
death by hamlock
Which of the following is a characteristic of a valid argument?
if the premises is true the conclusion must be true
What were the charges brought against Socrates
corrupting the minds of that youth
The Socratic Method consisted of
the process of questions and answers to get closer to the truth
Terms that usually indicate that a premise will follow are called
premise indicator
The type of freedom we have when our actions are not limited or restricted by external forces or obstacles is called
circumstantial freedom
which position claims that we are not morally responsible for our actions
hard determinism
what are two kinds of metaphysical monism
materialism and idealism
what is the claim there there is only one type of reality
metaphysical monism
Which of the following is a criticism the physicalist makes of dualism?
All of these
- the dualist cannot adequately explain how mind-body interactions occur
-dualism violates the principle of conservation of energy
-the dualist cannot adequately explain where the mind-body interactions occur
The hard determinist and the libertarian both believe that
if we are determined, we cannot be morally responsible
Which of the following questions are not involved in the Mind/Body Problem?
what is the origin of our actions
According to compatibilism, what kind of freedom is necessary in order for us to be morally responsible?
circumstantial freedom
Which position on the free will vs. determinism issue claims that we have metaphysical freedom?
liberaterian
is the claim that reality is completely physical in nature.
metaphysical materialism
Metaphysics is the study of the nature of
reality
___ claims that there is no such thing as a mind, and we should stop talking about minds and mental events all together.
eliminativism
Which principle states that if two things do not have exactly identical properties, then they are not identical?
principles of the non-identity discernibles
Which of the following questions are not involved in the free will vs. determinism issue?
how should we understand the physical and non-physical aspects of ourselves
The Cartesian Compromise makes a compromise between what two things?
science and religion
Which philosopher is well-known as a proponent of radical existential freedom
jean-paul sartre
Mind-Body Dualism is a position that claims that the mind and body
two separate entities
claims that humans can be explained completely in terms of our physical or material components.
physicalism
Which position on the mind-body problem relates the human being to a computer, seeing the brain as being similar to the physical hardware of a computer, and the mind as being similar to a computer program/software?
functionalism
Which position rejects both determinism and indeterminism?
agency theory