Determinism
is the thesis that at any instant there is exactly one physically possible future (PPF)
Free Will
when a person makes a choice between two or more mutually incompatible courses of action
Physically Possible Future
It is a future such that the past (P) and the laws of nature (L) permit it
Moral Responsibility
you praise/reward people or blame/punish them depending on their actions
ought" implies "can
If a person ought to do something, you must think they can do that thing, and if a person can't do a certain thing, then it can't be that they ought to do that thing
Fatalism
the thesis that no matter what choice a person made, that very same outcome would have resulted
Imcompatilbilism
the thesis that if we have free will then determinism cannot be true, and if determinism is true then we cannot have free will
Compatibilism/Soft Determinism
the thesis that free will and determinism are compatible
The Conditional Analysis of Freedom
say that "S did X freely" just means "S did X because S wanted to do X." They then analyze "S did X because S wanted to do X" as meaning "If S had not wanted to do X, S would not have done X
Surface Freedom
you can do what you desire
Deep Freedom
the ability to form your own desires and purposes
The Argument from Indeterminism for Compatibilism
1) If an action is indetermined, it is a matter of chance.
2) If an action is a matter of chance, it is not free.
So, if an action is free, it is not indetermined.
3) Any action is either determined or indetermined.
So, if an action is free, it is determi
Hard Determinism
the thesis that free will and determinism are incompatible, that determinism is true, and so there is no such thing as free will
Libertarianism
the thesis that we do, in fact, have free will, and so determinism is false
Event Causation
occurs when a prior event necessarily causes a subsequent event
Agent Causation
occurs when an event is brought about through the free action of an agent (person, self)
Punitive Attitude
inflicting punishment; punishing
Therapeutic Attitude
the attitude of trying to help the criminal overcome whatever problems or deficiencies led the criminal to commit the crime