PHIL FINAL - CHAPTER 17 QUIZ

In hunting ethics, which standard is intended to require skill and luck on behalf of the hunter, and give the animal a chance to escape?

Trophy bagging

Each of the following is true of animal experimentation in history except

the fact that animals were used in ancient Greece to create penicillin.

MacKinnon claims which of the following concerning a population of deer that is too large for its enclosure or has exceeded the carrying capacity of its habitat?

Defenders of animal species would allow some means of population thinning, if this is likely to preserve the species.

Rats, mice, and birds accounted for what percent of all laboratory experimental animals?

95%

Defenders of animal experimentation argue that

Most of the gains we have made in terms of modern medicine are the results of experiments performed on animals.

What logical inconsistency do animal rights activists point out in the position of those who approve of animal experimentation?

They use our similarity to animals in scientific contexts while denying that similarity in moral contexts.

When was the first Animal Welfare Act passed in the United States?

1966

According to Joel Feinberg, what is it about nonhuman animals that makes them capable of rights?

The fact that animals have an inner life, conscious wishes, desires, and hopes

A rancher who holds an anthropocentric theory of animal welfare would argue that it is better to treat one's livestock better well because

happy and healthier cows are more profitable.

Sentience requires the capacity to

feel pleasure and pain.

Having a right seems to entail that someone has

a duty to protect that right.

What did utilitarian Jeremy Bentham think we need to know to assess the moral status of animals?

Whether or not they can suffer

What philosopher thought animals were machines devoid of an inner sense or consciousness?

Descartes

Which of the following represent potential problems when assigning rights or moral standing to animal species?

A species is an abstract concept used to group and compare organisms.

Peter Singer explains that Thomas Taylor tried to refute Mary Wollstonecraft's views about the rights of women by showing that if her arguments were sound, this would mean that

animals had rights as well

Because capacities and abilities are not equally distributed, Singer argues that we

cannot base our argument opposing racism and sexism on a claim of actual factual equality.

Equality, for Peter Singer, is which of the following?

A moral ideal, not an assertion of fact

How does Peter Singer address the objection that infants have a potential moral autonomy that animals do not, and thus must be treated differently?

He alters the medical experiment scenario to involve a permanently brain-damaged infant.

What is the point of Singer's hypothetical question to animal experimenters about whether they would be willing to perform their experiments on a human orphan under six months?

Our current level of animal experimentation stems from arbitrary prejudice based on species.
Human infants possess no more morally relevant characteristics than nonhuman animals.
Lab animals are usually as or more self-aware, self-directing, and pain sens

Which of the following, according to Peter Singer, is a prerequisite for having interests, and thus equal to consideration of those interests?

A capacity for enjoyment or suffering.

Tom Regan argues that the basic similarity between human beings, and the basic similarity between humans and the animals they eat and trap is that

We are each of us the experiencing subject of a life.

According to Tom Regan, the view that animals have less inherent value than humans cannot be justified because

All who have inherent value have it equally, whether they are animals or not.

What is an example of a characteristic human capacity that accords them different moral status than nonhuman animals, according to Steinbock? NEW

They are normally held to be responsible for what they do