Philosophy Quiz 2

Certain mental states are exactly equivalent to their respective physical states.

Selected Answer:
Identity Theory (i.e., Reductive Materialism)

Mental states are a result of the organization of certain physical states but are not identical to those physical states.

Selected Answer:
Functionalism

There are no mental states anymore than there is caloric outside of the motion of molecules or witches which explain psychosis.

Selected Answer:
Eliminative Materialism

Mental states can be entirely explained in terms of the way a physical entity acts. For example, blushing just is feeling bashful .

Answer: Behaviorism
Response Feedback:
Behaviorism is the theory which posits that a behavior just IS a mental state. Nothing outside of the behavior is worth mentioning as a theory of the mind.

Mental states are substantially different from physical states.

Selected Answer:
Dualism

According to the identity theory (i.e., reductive materialism), minds are:

Selected Answer:
Brains

According to behaviorism, minds are:

Answer: Dispositions or Tendencies
Response Feedback:
Dispositions or Tendencies are indicators of one's mental state. If you act a certain way, we can know all about your mental states.

According to Functionalism, minds are:

Answer: programs
Response Feedback:
Functionalism argues that minds are programs which don't require any particular substance like organic material. Silicone or other physical entities can substitute for each other as long as they have the requisite compl

According to Dualism, minds are:

Selected Answer:
Souls

Choose the best description for the following propositions: Chance and spontaneity (and not just ignorance of causes) play at least some role in the world.

Selected Answer:
Indeterminism

Choose the best description for the following propositions: Our actions are not always under our control but there are some times our actions originate purely from our self and are not determined in any way.

Selected Answer:
Libertarianism

Choose the best description for the following propositions: The fact that every action is determined to occur is compatible with certain actions being free.

Response Feedback:
Soft Determinism is the view that we can be free at the same time as being determined.

Choose the best description for the following propositions: For every effect and event (or action) that occurs in reality causes exist.

Selected Answer:
Hard Determinism

Which two philosophical theories combine to suggest that: Since everything is physical, everything must adhere to the laws of nature and therefore everything happens for a reason (and thus is not free).nature!)

<Selected Answer:
Materialism and Hard>

Which two philosophical theories combine to suggest that: Since there are things which exist which are immaterial, there are at least some events which are not subject to physical laws of nature and are thus not determined by physical causes. (Note: Leave

Selected Answer:
Dualism and Libertarianism

Theories claiming that mental phenomena are really some type of physical phenomena are considered to be

Answer: reductionistic theories
Response Feedback:
Dualism advocates a non-reductionist theory where mental entities CANNOT be reduced to physical entities.

According to some critics of materialism, the fatal flaw of materialism is that reality seems to contain

Answer:
a mental residue beyond physics
Response Feedback:
Only a non-physical object would present problems for a theory that advocates that all things are physical.

In the history of philosophy, an outstanding defender of metaphysical idealism was

George Berkeley

Traditional compatibilists failed to account for

Selected Answer:
cases of internal obstacles to freedom or liberty

In western civilization, the classic or traditional view of human beings is that they are

Selected Answer:
reasoning, free moral agents