Philosophy

The word philosophy comes from two Greek words meaning

Love and wisdom

Philosophy begins with ____

wonder

Philosophy's goal is _____

autonomy

Philosophy seeks to understand ____

All of the above

The freedom of being able to decide for yourself what you will believe in, by using your own reason is ____

autonomy

Plato's Myth of the Cave demonstrates that ___

Philosophy deals with basic issues of human existence

For the prisoners in Plato's Myth of the Cave, reality would consist of nothing but ____

shadows

Plato's Myth of the Cave is part of ___

the Republic

Stereotypes of outsiders and self-censorship are symptoms of what psychologist Irving James calls:

Groupthink

Most of the daily decisions we make involve ____ thinking

non-rational

The three traditional fields of philosophy are ____

metaphysics, epistemology, ethics

Epistemology is the study of ____

Knowledge, truth, and related topics

Metaphysics is concerned with _____

All of the above

Epistemology is concerned with ____

All of the above

Metaphysics is the study of ______

The nature and structure of reality

Ethics is concerned with _____

Nature of moral obligation

Ethics is the study of ___

Values and moral principles

Although, not the first philosopher, ____ is sometimes called the father of philosophy

Socrates

_____ shows Socrates questioning traditional religious beliefs and the nature of religious duty

Euthyphro

____ is a dialogue written by plato

All of the above

_____ is dialogue written by Socrates

None of the above

____ shows Socrates at his trial, defending his life-long commitment to philosophy and interpreting the Delphic oracle regarding the nature of wisdom

The apology

____ shows Socrates awaiting his execution, refusing escape and arguing that people are obliged to obey the laws of society in which they live in

Crito

Socrates asks Euthyphro to ____

Identify the characteristics that make all holy things holy

In the dialogue of the same name, Euthyphro defines holiness as

All of the above

In the dialogue the same name Euthyphro is represented as charging his father with

Murder

In the apology, Socrates argues that ____

All of the above

In Crito, Socrates argues that we should obey the laws of society because ____

We enter in a contract to obey the laws by living in society

_____ was Socrates disciple

Plato

The instrument of Socrates execution was

Hemlock

Plato claimed that true reality was made up of

Forms

____ is usually considered the first Western Philosopher

Thales

___ believed everything is composed of water

Thales

___ is known for his argument that seeks to prove that one cannot move from one point to another

Zeno

The thesis that all water is significant because it ___

All of the above

___ proposed that change is the fundamental reality

Heraclitus

___ argued that change is an illusion

Parmenides

___ is known for his argument that nothingness cannot be real

Parmenides

Aristotle believed there were ___ different kinds of causes

4

For Aristotle, knowledge of reality depends on ____

Observations in this life

___ states that all knowledge is based on perception

Empiricism

The empiricists were _____

Hume, Locke, and Berkeley

Empirical knowledge is based on experience is ____

A posteriori

According to John Locke, the mind is like ____

A blank slate

To explain the regularity in experience, Berkeley states ___

Psychological principles

To explain his views, Berkeley creates a dialogue between _____

Hylas and Philonous

According to Hume _____

All of the above

___ states that only I exist and everything else is a creation of my subjective consciousness

Solipsism

For Descartes, all knowledge depends on ____

All of the above

The view that there are innate ideas ____

Is the view that from birth, ideas are present in the mind in some form

The egocentric predicament is associated with ___

R.B. Perry

Gestalt" means _____

Form

____ wrote " a man is but what he knows.

Francis Bacon

Locke " the great source of most of the ideas, depended upon sense is _____

Experience

The phrase esse est percipi is associated with

George Berkeley

Locke stated, a pencil, perceived or not has certain qualities called _____

Primary

Friedrich Kekule discovered the molecular structure of benzene _____

While dozing off in front of the fire

Knowledge known independently of sense experience is ___

A priori

_____ and ___ were rationalists

Plato, Rene Descartes

According to Kant, the world we experience ____

Is distinct form, but resembles the noumenon

_____ is said to have damaged a Copernican revolution in knowledge

Immanuel Kant

____ developed the concept of a scientific paradigm

Thomas Kuhn

Descartes applied his method of doubt to ____

Everything

____ states that reason, is capable of arriving at some undeniable truth

Rationalism

According to Hume, ____ is "the great guide of human life

Custom

According to empiricism, our experiences of primary qualities are ___ of the primary qualities

Copies

According to ___ causality is nothing more than the habitual expectation

Hume

Descartes meditations on a piece of wax demonstrated that ____

Knowledge is grasped by the mind

According to john Locke, ____ is founded in experience

All knowledge

Locke's primary qualities include ____

Weight, shape, and size

Hume analyzes caution in term of ___

Inductive certainty

According to Hume causality or causal connection is not derived from any___

Sense perception

___ wrote An Essay Concerning Human Understanding

John Locke

Locke's secondary qualities include ___

Colour, texture, and smell

Critical realism refers to the immediate contents of sense experience as ____

Sense data

According to John Locke, the senses can ___

None of the above

___ pushed ___' s empiricism to a thorough skepticism

Kant and Hume

According to Hume, the mind contains ____

Ideas, impressions, and nothing else

Hume distinguishes ideas from impressions on the basis of their ____

Origins & Clarity and distinctiveness

According to Hume, the pain you feel when you hit your thumb is ___

an impression

Esse est percipi means ____

To be is to be perceived

For Kant, the noumenal world is the world ____

Things as they are in themselves

By the term _____, Hume meant "all our more lively perceptions

Impression

According to Hume, the self is ____

bundle of perceptions

Hume analyze causation in terms of _____

Constant conjunction

____ is the attempt to discover the most pervasive characteristics of existence

Metaphysics

Saint Augustine ____

was an idealist/dualist

____ is the view that matter is the ultimate constituent of reality

Materialism

____&____ were materialists

Thomas Hobbes, Democritus

Materialists would _____

embrace the scientific method

____ is a term used to express the fact that the objects of consciousness do not exist

Idealism

The neutrino has _____

all of the above (no charge, no mass, no magnetic field)

____&____ were idealists

John Leslie, George Berkeley

____is the belief that reality is essentially idea, thought or mind

Idealism

___ states that the world consists of my own mind & things dependent on it

Solipsism or subjective idealism

Idealists _____

believe in mind, spirit, or thought as what is ultimately real

Pragmatism _____

results in a pluralistic picture of reality

For ____, pragmatism was a tool for understanding the function of ideas in fostering reasoned consensus

C.S. Pierce

For ___, pragmatism was a tool for social criticism and reassessment of the functions of education, the arts, etc

John Dewey

For _____, pragmatism was a tool for understanding the function of ideas in personal experience as instruments of will and desire

William James

Materialism or realism claims that there exists a real world with features that are independent of ____

all of the above (language, perceptions, our beliefs, thoughts)

____ is the study of what appears to consciousness

Phenomenology

____&____ were phenomenologists

Edmund Husserl, Maurice Merleau-Ponty

Phenomenology and existentialism both _____

are unsympathetic to science as a cognitive enterprise

According to Friedrich Nietzsche _____

God is dead

____&____ were existentialists

Jean-Paul Sartre, Martin Heidegger

__ claimed that animals have no reason at all

Rene Descartes

According to Metaphysical Collectivism, corporations are ____

like living organisms

According to Thomas Hobbes, ____ is the origin of all thought

sensation

For Hobbes, decaying sense can be either ____ or ____

imagination, memory

For Hobbes, mental discourse can be either _____ or ____

unguided, regulated

According to Hobbes, quarrels are caused by _____

all of the above (competition, diffidence, glory)

Hobbes used the term Leviathan for ____

government

The phrase esse est percipi is associated with ____

George Berkeley

According to George Berkeley, experience reveals ____

two sorts of existence

According to George Berkeley, the objects of consciousness are ____

of two types

Anthropomorphism is the fallacy of _____

giving human characteristics to nonhuman things

According to Thomas Hobbes, the last appetite in deliberating is ___

will

George Berkeley wrote ____

Treatise Concerning the Principles of Human Knowledge

____ said "He who has a way to live for can bear almost any how

Nietzsche

____argued that there must be parallel universes

Max Tegmark

Ontology is the study of ____

the nature of being and existence

There are many different ___ that apply to individual substance or essential property

universals

An argument against Idealism is ____

all of the above (nature of sense perception, bodily action, physical brain, language)

___ states that reality is dependent upon conceptions of that society

social idealism

Some atomist philosophers are ____

none of the above (Pascal, Kierkegaard, Heidegger, Sartre)

____ said that ultimate reality is independent of our minds and intrinsically unknowable

Kant

Aristotle's 4 Causes is a ____ theory

metaphysical

Plato's Forms is a ____ theory

metaphysical

Question 1:

...