The word philosophy comes from two Greek words meaning
Love and wisdom
Philosophy begins with ____
wonder
Philosophy's goal is _____
autonomy
Philosophy seeks to understand ____
All of the above
The freedom of being able to decide for yourself what you will believe in, by using your own reason is ____
autonomy
Plato's Myth of the Cave demonstrates that ___
Philosophy deals with basic issues of human existence
For the prisoners in Plato's Myth of the Cave, reality would consist of nothing but ____
shadows
Plato's Myth of the Cave is part of ___
the Republic
Stereotypes of outsiders and self-censorship are symptoms of what psychologist Irving James calls:
Groupthink
Most of the daily decisions we make involve ____ thinking
non-rational
The three traditional fields of philosophy are ____
metaphysics, epistemology, ethics
Epistemology is the study of ____
Knowledge, truth, and related topics
Metaphysics is concerned with _____
All of the above
Epistemology is concerned with ____
All of the above
Metaphysics is the study of ______
The nature and structure of reality
Ethics is concerned with _____
Nature of moral obligation
Ethics is the study of ___
Values and moral principles
Although, not the first philosopher, ____ is sometimes called the father of philosophy
Socrates
_____ shows Socrates questioning traditional religious beliefs and the nature of religious duty
Euthyphro
____ is a dialogue written by plato
All of the above
_____ is dialogue written by Socrates
None of the above
____ shows Socrates at his trial, defending his life-long commitment to philosophy and interpreting the Delphic oracle regarding the nature of wisdom
The apology
____ shows Socrates awaiting his execution, refusing escape and arguing that people are obliged to obey the laws of society in which they live in
Crito
Socrates asks Euthyphro to ____
Identify the characteristics that make all holy things holy
In the dialogue of the same name, Euthyphro defines holiness as
All of the above
In the dialogue the same name Euthyphro is represented as charging his father with
Murder
In the apology, Socrates argues that ____
All of the above
In Crito, Socrates argues that we should obey the laws of society because ____
We enter in a contract to obey the laws by living in society
_____ was Socrates disciple
Plato
The instrument of Socrates execution was
Hemlock
Plato claimed that true reality was made up of
Forms
____ is usually considered the first Western Philosopher
Thales
___ believed everything is composed of water
Thales
___ is known for his argument that seeks to prove that one cannot move from one point to another
Zeno
The thesis that all water is significant because it ___
All of the above
___ proposed that change is the fundamental reality
Heraclitus
___ argued that change is an illusion
Parmenides
___ is known for his argument that nothingness cannot be real
Parmenides
Aristotle believed there were ___ different kinds of causes
4
For Aristotle, knowledge of reality depends on ____
Observations in this life
___ states that all knowledge is based on perception
Empiricism
The empiricists were _____
Hume, Locke, and Berkeley
Empirical knowledge is based on experience is ____
A posteriori
According to John Locke, the mind is like ____
A blank slate
To explain the regularity in experience, Berkeley states ___
Psychological principles
To explain his views, Berkeley creates a dialogue between _____
Hylas and Philonous
According to Hume _____
All of the above
___ states that only I exist and everything else is a creation of my subjective consciousness
Solipsism
For Descartes, all knowledge depends on ____
All of the above
The view that there are innate ideas ____
Is the view that from birth, ideas are present in the mind in some form
The egocentric predicament is associated with ___
R.B. Perry
Gestalt" means _____
Form
____ wrote " a man is but what he knows.
Francis Bacon
Locke " the great source of most of the ideas, depended upon sense is _____
Experience
The phrase esse est percipi is associated with
George Berkeley
Locke stated, a pencil, perceived or not has certain qualities called _____
Primary
Friedrich Kekule discovered the molecular structure of benzene _____
While dozing off in front of the fire
Knowledge known independently of sense experience is ___
A priori
_____ and ___ were rationalists
Plato, Rene Descartes
According to Kant, the world we experience ____
Is distinct form, but resembles the noumenon
_____ is said to have damaged a Copernican revolution in knowledge
Immanuel Kant
____ developed the concept of a scientific paradigm
Thomas Kuhn
Descartes applied his method of doubt to ____
Everything
____ states that reason, is capable of arriving at some undeniable truth
Rationalism
According to Hume, ____ is "the great guide of human life
Custom
According to empiricism, our experiences of primary qualities are ___ of the primary qualities
Copies
According to ___ causality is nothing more than the habitual expectation
Hume
Descartes meditations on a piece of wax demonstrated that ____
Knowledge is grasped by the mind
According to john Locke, ____ is founded in experience
All knowledge
Locke's primary qualities include ____
Weight, shape, and size
Hume analyzes caution in term of ___
Inductive certainty
According to Hume causality or causal connection is not derived from any___
Sense perception
___ wrote An Essay Concerning Human Understanding
John Locke
Locke's secondary qualities include ___
Colour, texture, and smell
Critical realism refers to the immediate contents of sense experience as ____
Sense data
According to John Locke, the senses can ___
None of the above
___ pushed ___' s empiricism to a thorough skepticism
Kant and Hume
According to Hume, the mind contains ____
Ideas, impressions, and nothing else
Hume distinguishes ideas from impressions on the basis of their ____
Origins & Clarity and distinctiveness
According to Hume, the pain you feel when you hit your thumb is ___
an impression
Esse est percipi means ____
To be is to be perceived
For Kant, the noumenal world is the world ____
Things as they are in themselves
By the term _____, Hume meant "all our more lively perceptions
Impression
According to Hume, the self is ____
bundle of perceptions
Hume analyze causation in terms of _____
Constant conjunction
____ is the attempt to discover the most pervasive characteristics of existence
Metaphysics
Saint Augustine ____
was an idealist/dualist
____ is the view that matter is the ultimate constituent of reality
Materialism
____&____ were materialists
Thomas Hobbes, Democritus
Materialists would _____
embrace the scientific method
____ is a term used to express the fact that the objects of consciousness do not exist
Idealism
The neutrino has _____
all of the above (no charge, no mass, no magnetic field)
____&____ were idealists
John Leslie, George Berkeley
____is the belief that reality is essentially idea, thought or mind
Idealism
___ states that the world consists of my own mind & things dependent on it
Solipsism or subjective idealism
Idealists _____
believe in mind, spirit, or thought as what is ultimately real
Pragmatism _____
results in a pluralistic picture of reality
For ____, pragmatism was a tool for understanding the function of ideas in fostering reasoned consensus
C.S. Pierce
For ___, pragmatism was a tool for social criticism and reassessment of the functions of education, the arts, etc
John Dewey
For _____, pragmatism was a tool for understanding the function of ideas in personal experience as instruments of will and desire
William James
Materialism or realism claims that there exists a real world with features that are independent of ____
all of the above (language, perceptions, our beliefs, thoughts)
____ is the study of what appears to consciousness
Phenomenology
____&____ were phenomenologists
Edmund Husserl, Maurice Merleau-Ponty
Phenomenology and existentialism both _____
are unsympathetic to science as a cognitive enterprise
According to Friedrich Nietzsche _____
God is dead
____&____ were existentialists
Jean-Paul Sartre, Martin Heidegger
__ claimed that animals have no reason at all
Rene Descartes
According to Metaphysical Collectivism, corporations are ____
like living organisms
According to Thomas Hobbes, ____ is the origin of all thought
sensation
For Hobbes, decaying sense can be either ____ or ____
imagination, memory
For Hobbes, mental discourse can be either _____ or ____
unguided, regulated
According to Hobbes, quarrels are caused by _____
all of the above (competition, diffidence, glory)
Hobbes used the term Leviathan for ____
government
The phrase esse est percipi is associated with ____
George Berkeley
According to George Berkeley, experience reveals ____
two sorts of existence
According to George Berkeley, the objects of consciousness are ____
of two types
Anthropomorphism is the fallacy of _____
giving human characteristics to nonhuman things
According to Thomas Hobbes, the last appetite in deliberating is ___
will
George Berkeley wrote ____
Treatise Concerning the Principles of Human Knowledge
____ said "He who has a way to live for can bear almost any how
Nietzsche
____argued that there must be parallel universes
Max Tegmark
Ontology is the study of ____
the nature of being and existence
There are many different ___ that apply to individual substance or essential property
universals
An argument against Idealism is ____
all of the above (nature of sense perception, bodily action, physical brain, language)
___ states that reality is dependent upon conceptions of that society
social idealism
Some atomist philosophers are ____
none of the above (Pascal, Kierkegaard, Heidegger, Sartre)
____ said that ultimate reality is independent of our minds and intrinsically unknowable
Kant
Aristotle's 4 Causes is a ____ theory
metaphysical
Plato's Forms is a ____ theory
metaphysical
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