program
a sequence of instructions that a computer can interpret and execute
pseudocode
a high-level description of the actions of a program or algorithm, using a mixture of English and informal programming language syntax
subroutine
A small program inside a large one. Used when the same series of commands are repeated multiple times.
compiled language
A programming language in which the program code must be submitted to a compiler that manipulates the code, translating it into a more basic language that machines can understand.
interpreted language
A programming language in which programs are "indirectly" executed by an interpreter program.
query language
A specially designed computer language used to manipulate data in or extract data from a database.
assembly language
A programming language that represents machine code in human-readable text. Typically specific to a particular hardware architecture.
markup language
A means of marking data in a document so that it is accessible to a program language.
variable
Contains a value that can change during the execution of a program.
constants
Contains a value that cannot be changed from within a program.
container
A special type of identifier that can reference multiple values.
branch
a type of instruction that allows a program to deviate from it's original path
loop
Used to repeat code in your program.
procedures
a segment of code that can be reused
function
a segment of code that can be reused, and return a value to whatever called it.
attributes
Values and data types that define an object in Object-Oriented Programming
methods
What you can do to an object in Object-Oriented Programming
properties
Alternative ways of accessing a field publicly in Object-Oriented Programming.
batch file
A text file containing a series of OS commands.
Windows PowerShell
Command-line tool included with Windows. Offers a number of powerful scripting tools for automating changes both on local machines and over networks.
VBScript
an object-oriented scripting language that Microsoft derived from the Visual Basic programming language
single-platform software
written to run under a particular operating system
cross-platform software
written to run under multiple operating systems or platforms.
Local Installation
The traditional method for delivering applications by installing them on individual desktop computer systems.
database
a collection of organized data that allows access, retrieval, and use of data
database
a collection of organized data that allows access, retrieval, and use of data
Network Hosting
A method of delivering applications by installing them in the local network.
tables
An arrangement of data made up of horizontal rows and vertical columns.
tables
An arrangement of data made up of horizontal rows and vertical columns.
Cloud Hosting
A method of delivering applications by hosting them in the cloud.
record
A collection of fields that appear as a row in a database or table.
record
A collection of fields that appear as a row in a database or table.
field
a single characteristic of data that appears in a table as a column
Software as a Service (SaaS)
A term associated with cloud hosting. SaaS provides users with the applications they need to do their day-to-day work through the cloud.
field
a single characteristic of data that appears in a table as a column
One Tier
An application architecture model where programs run as standalone applications on a single computer.
flat file
Simple database program whose records have no relationship to one another
flat file
Simple database program whose records have no relationship to one another
Two Tier
An application architecture model with two separate tiers (a client and a server) where applications store and retrieve data from a central repository.
comma-seperated-values
separates each piece of data with a comma
comma-seperated-values (CSV)
file uses commas to identify the end of a column and a line feed for each row
relational database
A database that represents data as a collection of tables in which all data relationships are represented by common values in related tables
relational database
A database that represents data as a collection of tables in which all data relationships are represented by common values in related tables
Three Tier
An application architecture model with three separate tiers where an application presents the user interface on a client workstation, data is processed on an application server, and information is retrieved from a database management system on a database
n-Tier
An application architecture model where application developers add as many tiers as they need to create the most efficient services and processes on a network.
RDBMS (Relational Database Management System)
A system that stores information, which is linked by a unique identifiers in tables.
Structured Query Language (SQL)
an international standard language used to maintain and query (search) data in the database.
Platform Compatibility
A concern with using enterprise software in a network with multiple computer platforms and operating systems.
Structured Query Language (SQL)
an international standard language for processing a database
Primary Key
A field (or group of fields) that uniquely identifies a given entity in a table
foreign key
A primary key of one table that appears as an attribute in another table and acts to provide a logical relationship between the two tables
Primary Key
A field (or group of fields) that uniquely identifies a given entity in a table
Proprietary Software
Software that isn't owned but requires the purchase of a license to use the software.
Personal License
A software license given to home and small business customers that allows them to install the software on a limited number of systems.
foreign key
A primary key of one table that appears as an attribute in another table and acts to provide a logical relationship between the two tables
unstructured data
Not defined and does not follow a specified format
Enterprise License
A software license, often called a volume license or a site license, that allows the customer to install the software without restriction using the same activation code, typically until a maximum cap is reached.
constraints
limitations on what information can be inputted into a field.
metadata
data about data
Open Source Software
Software that can be downloaded, installed, and used without paying a licensing fee. The source code can also be downloaded, modified, and compiled and given to others as long as it is not resold for profit.
unstructured data
Not defined and does not follow a specified format
key/value pair database
a means of storing the properties of objects, without predetermining the fields used to define them.
Data Definition Language (DDL)
The language that allows a database administrator to define the database structure, schema, and subschema.
metadata
data about data
Software Subscription
Sometimes called SaaS or on-demand software, software that requires a monthly or annual fee to use the software and receive regular updates.
Windows Update
A feature of the Windows operating system that keeps the operating system current.
key/value pair database
a means of storing the properties of objects, without predetermining the fields used to define them.
direct/manual access
Connecting directly to a database using administrative tools, and running SQL commands
Data Definition Language (DDL)
The language that allows a database administrator to define the database structure, schema, and subschema.
query/report builder
Provides a GUI for users to select actions to perform on the database, and convert those selections to SQL statements that will be executed.
Data Manipulation Language (DML)
A specific language, provided with a DBMS, which allows users to access and modify the data, to make queries, and to generate reports.
Programmatic Access
A software application can interact closely with a database either using SQL commands or using SQL commands stored as procedures in the database.
grant
a command that grants a permission to a user
permissions
granting or denying a user access to files
direct/manual access
Connecting directly to a database using administrative tools, and running SQL commands
deny
a command that overrides a grant
query/report builder
Provides a GUI for users to select actions to perform on the database, and convert those selections to SQL statements that will be executed.
Boolean
A single value of either TRUE or FALSE.
Programmatic Access
Interacting with a database either using SQL commands
string
A collection of characters
create
a command that can be used to add a new database on the server,, or to add a new table within an existing database
booleon operators
A boolean operator, or logical operator, consists of operators such as AND, OR, NOT, NOR, NAND, and XOR. These operators are used with conditional statements in programming, search engines, algorithms, and formulas.
Data Manipulation Language (DML)
Database commands that modify the records within the database and not the schema itself.
alter
a command that allows you to add, remove (drop), and modify table columns (fields)
drop
a command that can be used to delete a table
NoSQL
Nonrelational databases that arise from big data.
insert
a command that adds a new row into a table in the database
Database Administrator
A person who is responsible for designing, maintaining, backing up, and securing an organization's databases.
update
a command that changes the value of one or more table columns
Database Developer
A person who designs and implements databases, usually by writing SQL code and conducting performance tests to ensure database optimization.
delete
a command that removes records from within a table
Data Analyst
A person who specializes in gathering and analyzing data to inform business decisions.
Data Scientist
A person who focuses on data analysis, especially as it relates to data mining and big data analytics. These positions require even more advanced programming and analytical skills.
select
a command that allows you to query a database and retrieve data from it.
grant
a command that grants a permission to a user
Data Mining
A broad and open-ended analysis of extracted big data.
deny
a command that overrides a grant
Data Extraction
The process of gathering and organizing big data.
integers
Whole numbers and their opposites (. . . -3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3. . .)
floating point numbers
decimal numbers(0.5, 0.99, 0.10)
Boolean
A single value of either TRUE or FALSE
character
a letter of the alphabet, a symbol, or a number
string
A sequence of characters; the primary data type for text. (Ex: 'Word' 'Happy' Hello')
Unicode
A encoding standard that enables most of the languages in the world to be symbolized with a special character identification. (Ex: a, &, �, �)
ASCII (American Standard Code for Information Interchange)
A Character encoding standard for English Symbols specifically.