Any item for which cost data is desired is called a(n) ____________________ __________________.
Cost Object
Costs that can be easily and conveniently traced to a specific product are called ______ costs.
A. indirect
B. period
C. direct
D. common
C
A cost that can be easily and conveniently traced to a specific cost object is a(n) _____________ cost of that cost object, whereas costs that cannot be easily and conveniently traced to that specific cost object are ________________ costs.
Direct
Indirect
A type of indirect cost incurred to benefit more than one cost object is a(n) _____ cost.
A. common
B. prime
C. sunk
D. opportunity
A
True or false: A cost may be direct or indirect, depending on the cost object.
True
Cost objects include:
A. anything for which revenue data is desired
B. customers
C. anything for which cost data is desired
D. organizational subunits
B, C, D
Fantastic Furniture makes custom order couches. The material used to make a couch is a(n) _______ cost of the customer placing the order.
A. overhead
B. direct
C. common
D. indirect
B
There are two broad classifications of costs: manufacturing costs and _______________ costs.
Non-manufacturing
A manufacturing cost that cannot be easily traced to a specific cost object is a(n) __________ cost.
Indirect
Manufacturing costs can be divided into three categories: direct ___________, ____________ labor and manufacturing ______________.
Materials
Direct
Overhead
Costs that are shared by multiple cost objects in a company are known as ______ costs.
A. sunk
B. marginal
C. common
D. opportunity
C
The materials that go into the final product are called ______________ materials.
Raw
Which of the following statements are true?
A. A direct cost is sometimes referred to as a common cost.
B. An individual cost is either direct or indirect, regardless of the cost object.
C. A direct cost can be easily and conveniently traced to a specific
C, D
Any item for which cost data is desired is called a(n) _________________.
Cost Object
There are two broad classifications of costs: manufacturing costs and __________________ costs.
Mnaufacturing
A laptop computer manufacturer would consider the computer's processor chip to be a(n) ______ cost.
A. indirect material
B. manufacturing overhead
C. Direct labor
D. direct material
D
Direct materials and direct labor are both ______ costs.
A. manufacturing
B. period
C. selling and administrative
D. nonmanufacturing
A
True or false: The finished product of one company can become raw materials for another company.
True
Direct labor is also called ________________ labor.
Touch
True or false: A cost may be direct or indirect, depending on the cost object.
True
Cost objects include:
A. anything for which revenue data is desired
B. anything for which cost data is desired
C. customers
D. organizational subunits
B, C, D
Prime costs are:
A. direct labor
B. direct materials
C. manufacturing overhead
D. selling and administrative expenses
A, B
Materials that become an important component of the finished product whose cost can be easily and conveniently traced to the finished product are ________________ materials.
Direct
Manufacturing costs include ______.
A. direct labor
B. direct materials
C. administrative costs
D. selling costs
E. manufacturing overhead
A, B, E
In an automobile manufacturing plant, the assembly-line workers are classified as ____________ ______________ cost.
Direct Labor
The components of prime costs are direct ______________ costs and direct __________ costs.
Materials and Labor
Factory costs such as cleaning supplies, taxes, insurance, and janitor wages are classified as ______.
A. period costs
B. manufacturing overhead
C. indirect labor
D. direct materials
B
Minor items such as nails and glue are usually considered to be:
A.direct materials
B. selling costs
C. indirect materials
D. administrative costs
C
Salaries of factory supervisors and factory maintenance personnel are examples of ______ labor costs.
A. administrative
B. indirect
C. direct
B
Manufacturing overhead costs include ______.
A. indirect materials, factory supervisors' salaries, and factory depreciation
B. direct materials, administrative taxes and insurance, and sales commissions
C. direct materials, sales commissions, and factory
A
Factory materials, such as cleaning supplies, that are not components of finished products are classified as:
A. manufacturing overhead
B. administrative costs
C. period costs
D. direct materials
A
Other names for manufacturing overhead include:
A. factory burden
B. indirect manufacturing costs
C. factory overhead
D. prime manufacturing costs
A, B, C
A dress manufacturer would consider the cost of relatively inexpensive items like thread to be part of:
A. indirect materials
B. administrative costs
C. manufacturing overhead
D. direct materials
A, C
Indirect materials and indirect labor are classified as ______.
A. nonspecific materials
B. nonspecific labor
C. period costs
D. manufacturing overhead
D
True or false: All of a company's depreciation, property taxes and insurance premiums are considered manufacturing overhead.
False
Direct labor and overhead costs incurred to change raw materials into finished products are known as ______ costs.
A. opportunity
B. prime
C. conversion
D. period
C
Selling and administrative costs are _______ costs.
A. always indirect
B. direct or indirect
C. always direct
B
A company purchased a 12 month insurance policy on October 1 at a cost of $1,200. On the December 31 annual financial statements:
A. $1,200 is reported as an asset
B. $300 is reported as a expense and $900 is reported as an asset
C. $300 is reported as a
B
Indirect materials include:
A. factory rent and insurance
B. laptop computer keyboards
C. factory manager's salary
D. nails, glue, and thread
D
Inventoriable costs is another term for ___________ costs.
Product
Salaries of factory supervisors and factory maintenance personnel are examples of ______ labor costs.
A. Administrative
B. Indirect
C. Direct
B
Nonmanufacturing costs include:
A. company president's salary
B. sales commissions
C. assembly-line worker wages
D. insurance on plant equipment
A, B
The accrual concept that costs incurred to generate a revenue are expensed in the same period the revenue is known as the ______________ principle.
Matching
Product costs are also called ____________ costs.
Inventoriable
Prior to being recorded on the income statement, manufacturers' product costs flow through:
A. Work in Process
B. Finished Goods
C. Cost of Goods Sold
D. Raw Materials
A, B, D
True or false: Labor costs that can be specifically traced to a product are indirect labor costs.
False
Period costs are always expensed on the income statement in the period in which:
A. they are incurred
B. the cash for the expense changes hands
C. the related goods are sold
A
Selling costs include:
A. sales commissions
B. sales salaries
C. administrative salaries
D. advertising
A, B, D
A company with a high ratio of fixed costs:
A. is more likely to experience a loss when sales are down than a company with mostly variable costs
B. will be able to avoid some of the fixed costs when sales decrease by lowering production
C. will not be con
A, D
A measure of how sensitive net operating income is to a given percentage change in sales dollars is known as operating ___________________.
Leverage
A 15% increase in sales resulted in a 40% increase in net income for Company A and a 60% increase in net income for Company B. Based on this, which company has the greater operating leverage?
A. Company B
B. Company A
A. Company B
To calculate the degree of operating leverage, divide _____________ ______________ by net operating income.
Contribution Margin
The term "cost structure" refers to the relative proportion of _______________ and ____________ costs in an organization.
Fixed, Variable
If sales increase by 5% and the degree of operating leverage is 4, net operating income should increase by:
A. 20%
B. 1%
C. 0.25%
D. 9%
A
The degree of operating leverage:
A. is greatest at sales levels near the break-even point
B. increases as sales and profits rise
C. is smallest at sales levels near the break-even point
D. is not a constant
E. decreases as sales and profits rise
A, D, E
Operating leverage is a measure of how sensitive ______ is to a given percentage change in sales dollars.
A. total variable expense
B. total gross margin
C. net operating income
D. selling price per unit
C
If operating leverage is high, a small percentage increase in sales produces a ________________ (higher/lower) percentage increase in net operating income than if operating leverage is low.
Higher
(Acts as a multiplier)
The measure of how a percentage change in sales affects profits at any given level of sales is the:
A. contribution margin ratio
B. margin of safety
C. degree of operating leverage
C
Labor costs that can be easily and conveniently traced to specific products are ______ costs.
selling
manufacturing overhead
indirect labor
direct labor
direct labor
Units that are partially complete are found in ______.
Raw Materials
Finished Goods
Work in Process
Cost of Goods Sold
work in process
How individual costs react to changes in activity level is referred to as cost
behavior
Product costs flow through the inventory accounts until the goods are sold, at which time they are matched against sales on the ______.
income statement
balance sheet
statement of cash flows
income statement
Which of the following statements are true?
A. Sales commissions are period costs.
B. The wages of assembly-line workers are period costs.
Reason:
C. Period costs are expensed in the same period in which they are incurred.
D. Period costs are included as
A, C
Cost of goods sold for a merchandising company, direct materials and commissions are all examples of
Variable Cost
Cost behavior ______.
A. is the relative proportion of each type of cost in an organization
B. categorizes costs as fixed, mixed and variable
C. refers to how a cost will change as activity level changes
D. is a detailed analysis technique used to determi
B, C
Direct materials, direct labor, and manufacturing overhead are all ______ costs.
Product
Common activity bases include ______.
Units sold
Direct Labor Hours
Machine Hours
The relative proportion of each type of cost in an organization is known as the company's
cost structure
Period costs are always expensed on the income statement in the period in which ______.
incurred
Within the relevant range of activity, variable costs ______.
vary in total
remain constant per unit
Within the relevant range, a cost that changes in direct proportion to changes in the activity level is a ______ cost.
variable
Within the relevant range of activity, ______ costs remain constant in total.
fixed
True or false: Presenting fixed costs on an average per unit basis makes them look like they are variable costs.
True
An activity base ______.
c) measures whatever causes costs to vary
d) is sometimes called a cost driver
Fixed costs that cannot easily be changed and often lock a company into a multi-year decision are called
committed
Discretionary fixed costs include ______.
B.) management training programs
D.) advertising
Within the relevant range, _______________ costs remain constant on a per unit basis.
variable
Within the relevant range of activity ______.
fixed costs remain constant in total
costs and activity can be approximated by a straight line
Within the relevant range, fixed costs ______.
generally include rent and supervisor salaries
should not be expressed on a per unit basis when making decisions
remain constant in total regardless of changes in activity