Palpable vibrations of the chest resulting from speech
Tactile Femitus
Tactile Fermitus is best felt
Posteriorly and Laterally at the bifurcation of the bronchi
Excess air in the lungs, emphysema, pleural thickening, effusion, massive pulmonary edema, or bronchial obstruction results in _____ Tactile Fermitus
Decreased or absent
In the presence of fluids or solid masses maybe due to lung consolidation or non obstructive bronchial secretions Tactile Fermitus will be
Increased
Dullness to percussion and tactile femitus ore the most useful finding for
Pleural Effusion
The absence of reduced tactile femitus makes the diagnosis of pleural effusion
Less likely
The expected sound usually heard over all areas of the lungs during percussion
Resonance
Hyperinflation due to emphysema, pneumothorax, or asthma should result in
Hyperresonance
Pneumonia, Pleural effusion, pneumothorax, or asthma should result in resonance sounding
Dull or flat
Greater Clarity and increased loudness of spoken sounds is defined as
Bronchophony
When bronchophony is extreme (due to consolidation) even a whisper can be heard with the stethoscope. This is called
Whispered Pectoriloquy
When the intensity of spoken voice is increased and there is a nasal quality (e's sound like a's). This is called
Egophony
Sounds are transmitted more clearly through consolidation or air?
Consolidation
To differentiate between a respiratory friction rub and a cardiac friction rub ask the patient to
Hold their breath
A dry, crackly, grating, low pitched sound heard on both inspiration and expiration with a machine like quality is defined as a
Friction Rub
When trying to differentiate between Rhonchi and crackles the practitioner should ask the patient to
Cough
Which adventitious lung sound disappears with coughing
Rhonchi
Crackles are heard more during
Inspiration
Rhonchi are heard more during
Expiration
Which noise is caused by the passage of air through an air obstructed thick secretions, muscular spasms, new growth, or external pressure
Rhonchi (sonorous wheeze)
a friction rub is heard loudest over
Lower lateral anterior surface
Which sound can be high pitched and sibilant as well as low pitched and sonorous
Crackles (Rales)
Noise heard during inspiration and /or expiration and described as musical like a whistle or squeak
Wheeze (sibilant wheeze)
Low in pitch and intensity, heard in the most peripheral parts of the lungs. This noise occurs over health lung tissue. Generally heard on inspiration longer than expiration
vesicular sounds
Noise moderate in pitch and intensity, heard mostly over the major bronchi
Bronchovesicular
Noise highest in intensity and pitch, heard over the trachea
Bronchial
A chronic condition resulting from compromised respirations (asthma, emphysema, or cystic fibrosis)
Barrel Chest
Dyspnea that increases in the upright position
Platypnea
Dyspnea that increases with laying down
Orthopnea
Increased respiratory rate >20
Tachypnea
Decreased respiratory rate <12
Bradypnea
Abnormally shallow breaths
Hypopnea
Chronic pulmonary or cardiac difficulty can result in
Clubbing of the fingers
Pigeon Chest- structural variation
Pectus Carinatum
Ration of the anteroposterior diameter to the lateral diameter
1:0
The degree and level or retraction depend on the level of obstruction. So... The more sever the obstruction, the ____ the retraction
Higher
Diminished and delayed respiratory movement on affected side, Apical pulse shifted contra laterally, diminished fremitus, tachycardia, dullness or flat with percussion, hyperresonance in area superior to effusion, bronchophony, whispered pectoriloquy, ego
Pleural Effusion
Consolidation upon inspection, Tachypnea, Hypopnea, flaring of nasi, ocassional cyanosis, Increased fremitus, dullness to percuss, crackles, ocassional rhonchi, bronchial breath sounds, egophony, bronchophony, whispered pectoriloquy.
Pneumonia
Diaphragmatic excursion
...
Excess air in the lungs, emphysema, pleural thickening, effusion, massive pulmonary edema, or bronchial obstruction results in _____ Tactile Fermitus
...