pallor
pale
erythema
red
cyanosis
blue
jaundice
yellow
edema
fluid build-up
where do you test skin turgor
forearm or sternum
configurations
annular
grouped
linear
arciform
diffuse
annular
rings, circular
arciform
bow-shaped
macule
a circumscribed, flat discoloration which may be brown, blue, red, or hyper-pigmented
(freckle)
vesicle
< 1cm and circumscribed, superficial elevations of the skin containing serous fluid
(chickenpox, zoster, contact dermatitis)
bulla
vesicle that is > 1cm
papule
an elevated, firm, circumscribed area; less than 1cm in diameter; color varies; may become confluent and form plaques
(wart, mole)
pustule
vary in size; circumscribed; elevated, superficial; contains purulent fluid
(acne, impetigo)
impetigo
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nodule
a circumscribed, elevated, firm, solid lesion 1-2cm in diameter; deeper in dermis than papule
tumor
elevated and solid; may or may not be clearly demarcated; deeper in dermis; >2cm in diameter
wheal
a firm, irregular shaped area; edematous; resulting from infiltration of the dermis with fluid- may only last a couple hours
cyst
encapsulated, circumscribed, encapsulated lesions; in dermis or subq layer; fluid-filled or semi-solid material
(sebaceous cyst, wen)
keloid
a hypertrophic scar; the skin is elevated by excess scar tissue, may increase long after healing occurs; smooth rubbery
erosion
loss of part of the epidermis; superficial; depressed, moist glistening; no bleeding, heals without scar
(varicella after rupture)
ulcer
loss of epidermis and dermis; irregular shape; may bleed; leaves scar
crust
the thickened, dried out exudate left when vesicles or pustules burst and dry; color is reddish-brown, honey-colored
(impetigo, dermatitis, scab)
fissure
linear crack with abrupt edges; extends into dermis; dry or moist
(athlete's foot)
scale
compact, desiccated flakes of skin; dry or oily; shedding of dead excess keratin cells- flaky skin; seborrheic dermatitis (yellow greasy) eczema
striae
stretch marks
atrophy
thinning of skin surface- in striae and aged skin
lichenification
rough, thickened, leathery skin; secondary to persistent rubbing, scratching, or skin irritation
(chronic dermatitis)
excoriation
loss of epidermis; hollowed-out, crusted area
(abraision/scratch, scabies)
fungus
tinea (dermatophytosis)
tinea corporis
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tinea cruris
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tinea unguium
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tinea pedis
-athlete's foot
-interdigital scaling
-erythema/blistering
tinea capitis
scalp
herpes simplex virus type 1
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herpes simplex virus type 2
-generally genital
-episodes same as type 1
herpes zoster
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varicella
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folliculitis
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hidradentitis suppurativa
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furuncle
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carbuncle
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cellulitis
-inflammation of subq tissue; primary or secondary infection
-often follows break in skin
-hot, tender, red, swollen, malaise, fever
Kaposi's sarcoma
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actinic keratoses
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basal cell carcinoma
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early squamous cell carcinoma
firm nodules with indistinct borders with scaling and ulceration
late squamous cell carcinoma
covering of lesion with scale or horn - most common on sun-exposed areas
malignant melanoma
-neoplastic growth of melanocytes
-skin, eyes, mucous membranes
-irregular color, surface, border, color, flat or elevated, ulcerated
-often < 1cm in size
cimex lectularius
bed bugs
-feed at night
-wheal, pruritis, often grouped in 3s on uncovered parts of the body
pediculosis
lice
-small, red dots flush with skin and progress to popular wheal-like lesions
-firmly attached to hair shaft
scabies
deposit eggs - allergic reaction due to eggs, feces, mite parts
-digital webs, red and swollen, burrows
-between fingers and toes, and bends of elbows
ticks
-painful ringlike rash 3-4 weeks after bite, flulike symptoms
-lyme disease
-cardiac, arthritic, and neuro problem
black widow spider bite
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brown recluse spider bite
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acne
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moles
normal cells-nevi
-melanocyte-like precursor cells
-hyperpigmented/various colors, flat or raised, hair growth possible
psoriasis
chronic dermatitis
-rapid turnover of epidermal cells
-scaling plaques
-elbows, knees, scalp, ears
lipoma
benign tumor of adipose tissue
-rubbery, compressible, round mass of adipose tissue
vitiligo
complete absence of melanocytes
-unknown cause, genetic, dark-skinned
seborrheic keratoses
benign, no association with the sun
-irregular round or oval, flat-topped papules or plaques, surface often warty
skin tags
small, skin colored, soft, pedunculated papules
lentigo
increased number of melanocytes, hyperpigmented, flat
"liver spots"
-aging and sun
rosacea
chronic inflammatory skin disorder
-characterized by telangiectasia(fine, irregular, red lines produces by capillary dilation) erythema, papules, and pustules
rhinophyma
tissue hypertrophy of nose
drug eruptions
most common skin reaction to a drug is discrete or confluent erythematous maculopapular rash on trunk, face, extremeties, palms, and soles of feet