Ch13:
Thyroid Gland
The thyroid gland straddles the trachea in the middle of the neck. It is an important endocrine gland with a rich blood supply. This ghighly vascular endocrine gland synthsizes and secretes thyrozine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) hornmones that stimulate
Ch 13:
Thyroid Assessment: Objective data collection
Questions to ask your client:
- Have you ever had a thyroid problem? Over- or under-functioning? How was it treated? Surgically, irradiation, medication?
- Any history of prior irradiation of the head, neck, or upper chest? (This increases the risk for sa
Ch 13:
Thyroid Assessment: Inspection
As the client moves the head, note any enlargement of they thyroid gland. Normally, none is present. Thyroid enlargement may be a unilateral lump, or it may be diffuse and look like a doughnut lying across the lower neck. Position a standing lamp to shine
Ch 13:
Thyroid Assessment: Palpation
The thyroid gland is difficult to palpate; arrange your setting to maximize your likelihood of success. Usually you cannot palpate the normal adult thyroid. If the person has a long, thin neck, you sometimes will feel the isthmus over the tracheal rings.
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Thyroid Assessment: Palpation Posterior Approach
To palpate, move behind the person Ask the person to sit up very straight and then to bend the head slightly forward and to the right. This will relax the neck muscles on the right side. Use the fingers of your left hand to push the trachea slightly to th
Ch 13:
Thyroid Assessment: Palpation Anterior Approach
This is an alternate method of palpating the thyroid, but it is more awkward to perform, especially for a beginning examiner. Stand facing the person. Ask him or her to tip the head forward and to the right. Use your right thumb to displace the trachea sl
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Thyroid Assessment: Auscultation
If the thyroid gland is enlarged, auscultate it for the presence of a bruit. This is a soft, pulsatile, whooshing, blowing sound heard best with the bell of the stethoscope. The bruit is not present normally.A bruit occurs with accelerated or turbulent bl
Ch 13:
Hypothyroidism vs. Hyperthyroidism signs and symptoms
Hyporthyroidism is the term for underactive tissue within the thyroid gland that causes an underproduction of thyroid hormones (thyroxine or "T4" and/or triiodothyronine or "T3").
Congenital hypothyroidism
or thyroid deficiency at an early age, produces i
Ch 13:
Facial characteristics of hypothyroidism
A deficiency of thyroid hormone, when severe, causes a nonpitting edema or
myxedema
. Note puffy, edematous face, especially around eyes (periorbital edema), coarse facial features, dry skin, and dry, coarse hair and eyebrows.
Ch 13:
Facial characteristics of hyperthyroidism
A
goiter
is an increase in the size of the thyroid gland and occurs with hyperthyroidism,
Graves disease
is the most common cause of hyperthyroidism, manifested by goiter and exophthalmos (bulging eyeballs). Symptoms include nervousness, fatigue, weight l
Ch 13:
Goiter
increase in side of thyroid gland that occurs with hyperthyroidism
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Thyroid Assessment: pregnant women
The thyroid gland may be palable normally during pregnancy. It englarges slightly during pregancy as a result of hyperlplasia of the tissue and increased vascularity
Ch 13:
Craniotabes
Craniotabes is the finding of a soft or thinned of the skull, which may be normally present in newborns. It is seen mostly in the occipital and parietal bones. The bone is soft and when pressure is applied they will collapse underneath it. When the pressu
Ch 13:
Hydrocephalus
Obstruction of drainage of cerebrospinal fluid results in excessive accumulation, increasing intracranial pressure, and enlargement of the head. The face looks small compared with the enlarged cranium. The increasing pressure also produces dilated scalp v
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Caput Succedaneum
A caput succedaneum is edematous swelling and ecchymosis of the presenting part of the head caused by birth trauma. It feels soft, and it may extend across suture lines. It gradually resolved during the first few days of life and needs no treatment
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Microcephalic
abnormally small head. A small fontanel is a sign of microcephaly, as is early closure.
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Cephalhematoma
A cephalhematoma is a subperiosteal hemorrhage, which is also a result of birth trauma. It is soft, fluctuant, and well defined over one cranial bone because the periosteum (i.e., the covering over each bone) holds the bleeding in place. It appears severa
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Meningeal inflammation
Acute onset of neck stiffness with headache and fever occurs with meningeal inflammation. Resitance to flexion (
nuchal rigidity
) and pain on flexion indicate meningeal irritation or meningitis.
Tests for pathological reflexes related to meningeal inflam
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Tension Headaches
Location:
Usually both sides, across the frontal, temporal, and or occipital region of head: forehead, sides and back of head
Character:
Bandlike tightness, viselike
Duration:
Gradual onset, lasts 30min - days
Quantity and Severety:
Diffuse, dull, aching
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Migraine Headaches
Location:
Commonly one-sided but may occur on both sides. Pain is often behind the eyes, the temples or forhead
Character:
Throbbing, pulsating
Duration:
Rapid onset, peaks 1-2hrs, lasts 4-72hrs, sometimes longer
Quantity and Severety:
Moderate to severe
Ch 13:
Cluster Headaches.
Location:
Always one-sided, often behind or around the eye, temple, forehead, cheek
Character:
Continuous, burning piercing, excruciating
Duration:
Abrupt onset, peaks in minutes, lasts 45-90min
Quantity and Severety:
can occur multiple times a day, in "c
Ch 13:
Head growth throughout the life span
The bones of the neonatal skull are separated by sutures and by
fontanels,
the spaces where the sutures intersect. These membrane-covered "soft spots" allow for growth of the brain during the 1st year. They gradually ossify; the triangle-shaped posterior
Ch 13:
Torticollis (Wryneck)
A hematoma in one sternomastoid muscle, probably injured by intrauterine malposition, results in head tilt to one side and limited neck ROM to the opposite side. You will feel a firm, discrete, nontender mass in mid-muscle on the involved side. This requi
Ch 13:
List the facial structures that should appear symmetric when inspecting the head
Although the shape of facial structures may vary somewhat among races, they always should be symmetric. Note symmetry of eyebrows, palpebral fissures, nasolabial folds, and sides of the mouth. <arked asymmetry with central brain lesion (e.g., stroke) or w
Ch 13:
The Lymphatic system
The lymphatic system is an extensive vessel system, which is separate from the cardiovascular system and is phylogenetically older. The lymphatics are a major part of the immune system, whose job it is to detect and eliminate foreign substances from the b
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Lymph Nodes
Lymph nodes are small, oval clusters of lymphatic tissue that are set at intervals along the lymph vessels like beads on a string. The nodes filter the lymph and engulf pathogens, preventing potentially harmful substances from entering the circulation.
Wh
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Lymphadenopathy
enlargement of the lymph nodes due to infection, allergy, or neoplasm
Ch 13:
Describe the characteristics of lymph nodes associated with acute infection
acute onset infection, <14 days duration, nodes are bilateral, enlarged, warm, tender, and firm but freely movable.
Ch 13:
Describe the characteristics of lymph nodes associated with chronic inflammation
In tuberculosis the nodes are clumped.
Nodes with HIV infection are enlarged, firm, nontender, and mobile. Occipital node enlargement is common with HIV infection.
Ch 13:
Describe the characteristics of lymph nodes associated with cancer
Cancerous nodes are hard, >3cm, unilateral, nontender, matted, and fixed.
A single enlarged, nontender, hard, left supraclavicular node (Virchow's node) may indicate neoplasm in thorax or abdomen.
Painless, rubbery, discrete nodes that gradually appear oc
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Characteristics of normal cervical lymph nodes during childhood
During infancy, cervical lymph nodes are not palpable normally. But a child's lymph nodes are -- they feel more prominent than an adult's until after puberty, when lymphoid tissue begins to atrophy. Palpable nodes less than 3mm are normal. They may be up
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4 areas where lymph nodes are accessible for palpation
Nodes are located throughout the body but are accessible to examination only in four areas: head and neck, arms, axillae, and inguinal region. The greatest supply is in the head and neck.
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Lymphadenopathy
is enlargment of the lymph noes (>1 cm) from infection, allergy, or neoplasm
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Supraclavicular lymph nodes
above and behind the clavicle
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Posterior cervical lymph nodes
in the posterior triangle along the edge of the trapezius muscle
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Deep cervical lymph nodes
deep under the sternomastoid muscle
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Superficial cervical lymph nodes
overlying the sternomastoid muscle
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Jugulodigastric lymph nodes
under the angle of the mandible
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Submandibular lymph nodes
halfway between the angle and the tip of the mandible
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Submental lymph nodes
behind the tip of the mandible
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Occipital lymph nodes
at the base of the skull
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Posterior auricular lymph nodes
superficial to the mastoid process
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Preauricular lymph nodes
in front of the ear
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Facial characteristics of Fetal Alcohol Syndrome
A pregnant woman who abuses alcohol is at great risk for producing a baby with a wide range of growth and developmental abnormalities. Facila malformations may be recognizable at birth. Characteristics include short palpebral fissures, flat midface, short
Ch 13:
Facial characteristics of Down Syndrome
Chromosomal aberration (trisomy 21), or Down Syndrome has head and face characteristics may include upslanting eyes with inner epicanthal folds; flat nasal bridge; small, broad, flat nose; protruding, thick tongue; ear dysplasia; short, broad neck with we
Ch 13:
Condition(s) associated with parotid gland enlargement
Rapid painful inflammation of the parotid occurs with mumps.
Parotid swelling also occurs with blockage of a duct, abscess, or tumor. Note swelling anterior to lower ear lobe.
Stensen duct obstruction can occur in aging adults dehydrated from diuretics or
Ch 13:
Normocephalic
round symmetric skull that is appropirately related to body size
Ch 13:
Macrocephalic
abnormally large head
Ch 13:
Bruit
blowing, swooshing sound heard through the stethoscope over an area of abnormal blood flow
Ch 13:
Cerebral Vascular Accident
An
upper motor neuron
lesion (central). A stroke (or brain attack) is an acute neurologic deficit caused by an obstruction of a cerebral vessel, as in atherosclerosis, or a rupture in a cerebral vessel. If you suspect a stroke, ask if the person can smile
Ch 13:
Scleroderma
Literally, "hard skin," this rare connective tissue disease is characterized by chronic hardening and shrinking degenerative changes in the skin, blood vessels, synovium, and skeletal muscles. Changes can occur in the skin, heart, esophagus, kidney, lung.
Ch 13:
Acromegaly
Excessive secretion of growth hormone from the pituitary gland after puberty creates an enlarged skull and thickened cranial bones. Note the elongated head, massive face, prominent nose and lower jaw, heavy eyebrow ridge, and coarse facial features, espec
Ch13:
Additional neck assessments for pregnant women
In a pregnant woman, assess for chloasma and thyroid gland enlargement.
Ch13:
Additional head assesments for aging adults
In an aging adult, observe for prominent temporal arteries and senile tremors.
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Additional head assessments for infants
In an infant, measure the head size and palpate the fontanels.
Ch13:
Facial bones and orbits in aging adults
In aging adults, the facial bones and orbits appear more prominent.
Ch 13:
Cachectic Appearance
Accompanies chronic wasting diseases such as cancer, dehydration, and starvation. Features include sunken eyes; hollow cheeks; and exhausted, defeated expression.
Ch 13:
Infant Tonic Neck Reflex
The infant can turn the head side to side by 2 weeks and shows the tonic neck reflex when supine and the head is turned to one side (extension of same arm and leg, flexion of opposite arm and leg). The tonic neck reflex disappears between 3 and 4 months,
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The head at birth
At birth, the head is larger than the chest circumference, and the neonate's skull bones are separated by sutures and fontanels. Lymphoid tissue is well developed at birth and reaches adult size by age 6. At age 10 or 11, lymph tissue exceeds adult size a
Ch13:
Major neck muscles
The major neck muscles are the sternomastoid and the trapezius, innervated by cranial nerve XI. The sternomastoid muscle divides each side of the neck into two triangles. The anterior triangle extends to the mandible above and the midline of the body medi
Ch13:
Other systems that pass through the neck
Along with nerves and lymphatics, parts of the respiratory and digestive systems pass through the neck.
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Major neck arteries and veins
The carotid artery and internal jugular vein lie beneath the sternomastoid muscle. The external jugular vein runs diagonally across this muscle.
Ch13:
The Neck
The neck is delimited by the skull and mandible above, and the manubrium sterni, clavicle, first rib, and first thoracic vertebra below.
Ch13:
Salivary Glands
The sublingual and submandibular salivary glands are accessible to examination, but the parotid glands are not normally palpable.
Ch13:
Temporal Artery
The temporal artery lies superior to the temporalis muscle and has a palpable pulsation anterior to the ear.
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The Head
The head includes the skull, a rigid, bony box that protects the brain and special sense organs. In the skull, cranial bones unite at immovable joints called sutures. Fourteen facial bones articulate at sutures, except the mandible, which has the movable
Ch 13:
Pilar cyst (Wen)
Smooth, firm, fluctuant swelling on the scalp that contains sebum and keratin. Tense pressure of the contents causes overlying skin to be shiny and taut. It is a benign growth.\par }}}}}}}}{\pard \sb240 (Jarvis, Carolyn. \i Physical Examination and Health
Ch13:
To obtain subjective data about the head and neck, ask questions that investigate these topics:
Headache, Head injury, Dizziness, Neck pain or limited range of motion, Lumps or swelling, And a history of head or neck surgery.
Ch13:
To obtain objective data about the head and neck
First inspect and palpate the skull. Observe its size and shape and note any deformities, lumps, or tenderness. Palpate the temporal artery and temporomandibular joint. Next, inspect the face. Note the facial expression and the symmetry of movement, which
Ch 13:
Bleeding into the periosteum during birth is known as:
A) caput succedaneum.
B) craniosynostosis.
C) molding.
D) cephalhematoma.
D) cephalhematoma.
A cephalhematoma is a subperiosteal hemorrhage resulting from birth trauma. A caput succedaneum is edematous swelling and ecchymosis of the presenting part of the head caused by birth trauma. Craniosynostosis is marked asymmetry caused
Ch 13:
Craniosynostosis is a severe deformity caused by:
A) premature closure of the sutures.
B) increased intracranial pressure.
C) a localized bone disease that softens, thickens, and deforms bone.
D) excess growth hormone or a deficit in thyroid hormon
A) premature closure of the sutures.
Craniosynostosis is marked asymmetry caused by a severe deformity caused by premature closure of the sutures resulting in a long, narrow head. Hydrocephalus (obstruction of drainage of cerebrospinal fluid) results in e
Ch 13:
Narrow palpebral fissures, epicanthal folds, and midfacial hypoplasia are characteristic of:
A) Down syndrome.
B) fetal alcohol syndrome.
C) chronic childhood allergies.
D) congenital hypothyroidism.
B) fetal alcohol syndrome.
Facial characteristics of fetal alcohol syndrome include narrow palpebral fissures, epicanthal folds, and midfacial hypoplasia. Facial characteristics of Down syndrome include upslanting eyes with inner epicanthal folds, flat na
Ch 13:
Kyphosis of the spine is common with aging. To compensate, older adults will:
A) increase their center of gravity.
B) extend their heads and jaws forward.
C) stiffen their gait.
D) shuffle.
B) extend their heads and jaws forward.
The older adult may show an increased anterior cervical (concave or inward) curve when the head and jaw are extended forward to compensate for kyphosis of the spine.
Ch 13:
Which statement is accurate related to aggravating symptoms or triggers of headaches?
A) Alcohol consumption may precipitate the onset of cluster or migraine headaches.
B) Certain foods such as chocolate or cheese may precipitate the onset of tensi
A) Alcohol consumption may precipitate the onset of cluster or migraine headaches.
Aggravating symptoms or triggers for cluster headaches include alcohol consumption, stress, or wind or heat exposure. Aggravating symptoms or triggers for migraines include
Ch 13:
Most facial bones articulate at a suture. Which facial bone articulates at a joint?
A) Nasal bone
B) Mandible
C) Zygomatic bone
D) Maxilla
B) Mandible
The facial bones articulate at sutures (nasal bone, zygomatic bone, and maxilla), except for the mandible. The mandible articulates at the temporomandibular joint.
Ch 13:
Ms. Marks is a 43-year-old patient who presents with multiple complaints at the dermatology clinic. During the examination, you note nonpitting edema, coarse facial features, dry skin, and dry coarse hair. In addition, her laboratory results demons
C) myxedema.
Myxedema (hypothyroidism) is a deficiency of thyroid hormone. If severe, the symptoms include nonpitting edema or myxedema; a puffy edematous face, especially around eyes (periorbital edema); coarse facial features; dry skin; and dry, coarse
Ch 13:
Which of the following statements describing a headache would warrant an immediate referral?
A) "This is the worst migraine of my life."
B) "This is the worst headache I've had since puberty."
C) "I have never had a headache like this before; it is
C) "I have never had a headache like this before; it is so bad I can't function."
A sudden severe headache in an adult or child who has never had it before warrants an immediate referral. A sudden severe headache could indicate a subarachnoid hemorrhage.
Ch 13:
What disease is characterized by a flat, expressionless, or mask-like face, a staring gaze, oily skin, and elevated eyebrows?
A) Acromegaly
B) Scleroderma
C) Cushing syndrome
D) Parkinson disease
D) Parkinson disease
Facial characteristics of Parkinson disease include a flat and expressionless face that is "mask-like" with elevated eyebrows, a staring gaze, oily skin, and drooling. Facial characteristics of acromegaly include an elongated head, a
Ch13:
A patient is admitted to the emergency room after a motor vehicle accident. The trachea is deviated to the left side. This finding is characteristic of:
A) right pneumothorax.
B) aortic arch aneurysm.
C) right pleural adhesion.
D) right sided atelec
A) right pneumothorax.
The trachea is normally midline; the trachea will deviated to the unaffected side (left) with a right pneumothorax. The trachea will be pulled downward with systole of an aortic arch aneurysm occurs. The trachea will be deviated to
Ch 13:
Identify the facial bone that articulates at a joint instead of a suture.
A) zygomatic
B) maxilla
C) nasal
D) mandible
D) mandible
Ch 13:
Identify the blood vessel that runs diagonally across the sternomastoid muscle.
A) temporal artery
B) carotid artery
C) external jugular vein
D) internal jugular vein
C) external jugular vein
Ch 13:
The isthmus of the thyroid gland lies just below the:
A) mandible
B) cricoid cartilage
C) hyoid cartilage
D) thyroid cartilage
B) cricoid cartilage
Ch 13:
Select the statement that is true regarding cluster headaches
A) May be precipitated by alcohol and daytime napping
B) Usual occurrence is two per month, each lasting 1 to 3 days
C) Characterized as throbbing
D) Tend to be supraorbital, retro-orbit
A) May be precipitated by alcohol and daytime napping
Ch 13:
Select the symptom that is least likely to indicate a possible malignancy
A) history of radiation therapy to head, neck, or upper chest
B) history of using chewing tobacco
C) history of large alcohol consumption
D) tenderness
D) tenderness
Ch 13:
Providing resistance while the patient shrugs the shoulders is a test of the status of cranial nerve:
A) II
B) V
C) IX
D) XI
D) XI
Ch 13:
Upon examination, the fontanels should feel:
A) tense or bulging
B) depressed or sunken
C) firm, slightly concave, and well defined
D) pulsating
C) firm, slightly concave, and well defined
Ch 13:
If the thyroid gland is enlarged bilaterally, which of the following maneuvers is appropriate?
A) Check for deviation of the trachea
B) Listen for bruit over the carotid arteries
C) Listen for a murmur over the aortic area
D) List for a bruit over
D) List for a bruit over the thyroid lobes
Ch 13:
It is normal to palpate a few lymph nodes in the neck of a healthy person. What are the characteristics of these nodes?
A) mobile, soft, nontender
B) large, clumped, tender
C) matted,fixed, tender, hard
D) matted, fixed, nontender
A) mobile, soft, nontender
Ch 13:
Cephalhematoma is associated with:
A) subperiosteal hemorrhage
B) cranitabes
C) bossing
D) congenital syphilis
A) subperiosteal hemorrhage
Ch 13:
Normal cervical lymph nodes are:
A) smaller than 1cm
B) warm to palpation
C) fixed
D) firm
A) smaller than 1cm
Ch 13:
A throbbing, unilateral pain associated with nausea, vomiting, and photophobia is characteristic of
A) cluster headache
B) subarachnoid hemorrhage
C) migraine headache
D) tension headache
C) migraine headache
Ch 13:
Mr. Sanchez is a 54-year-old patient with asthma. He has been taking oral steroids to control the asthma, which has been out of control for many years. Excessive corticotropin hormone production and chronic steroid use leads to a condition that is
D. Cushing's syndrome.
Ch 13:
On examination of Mrs. Jones, who is 55 years of age, you note hard, shiny skin on the forehead and cheeks; thin, pursed lips with radial furrowing; facial and neck muscle atrophy; and expressionless facies. These are the characteristic features of
B. scleroderma.
Ch 13:
Scleroderma is a/an ________ disease that causes chronic hardening and shrinking and degenerative changes in the skin.
A. autoimmune
B. collagen
C. autonomic nervous system
D. None of the above
B. collagen
Ch 13:
Deficiency of a parasympathetic neurotransmitter and degeneration of basal ganglia lead to:
A. Acromegaly.
B. Cushing's syndrome.
C. Parkinson's syndrome.
D. None of the above.
C. Parkinson's syndrome.
Ch 13:
Mrs. Raven is a 55-year-old patient who comes to the office complaining of a headache. As the health care provider, you know that the characteristics of a life-threatening headache include:
A. the sudden onset of a new and severe headache.
B. the s
A. the sudden onset of a new and severe headache.
Ch 13:
Mr. Staley is a 38-year-old patient who comes to the office for a new patient examination. As the health care provider, what are you assessing when you observe facial muscles?
A. CN III
B. CN V
C. CN VII
D. CN XI
C. CN VII
Ch 13:
When assessing the strength of the major neck muscles�the sternocleidomastoid (also called sternomastoid) and the trapezius�you are assessing the spinal accessory nerve. This nerve is also called:
A. CN V.
B. CN VII.
C. CN X.
D. CN XI.
D. CN XI.
Ch 13:
Craniosynostosis is a severe deformity caused by:
A. premature closure of the sutures.
B. increased intracranial pressure.
C. a localized bone disease that softens, thickens, and deforms bone.
D. excess growth hormone or deficit thyroid hormone.
A. premature closure of the sutures.
Ch 13:
Facial features that include exhausted faces, blue shadows below the eyes, creased lower eyelids, open-mouth breathing, and central facial pallor are characteristic of which of the following conditions?
A. Cachexia
B. Scleroderma
C. Myxedema
D. Chr
D. Chronic childhood allergies
Ch 13:
A hematoma in one sternomastoid muscle causes:
A. head tilt.
B. limited range of motion.
C. torticollis.
D. All of the above.
D. All of the above.
Ch 13:
Mr. Colt, a 35-year-old patient, comes to the office presenting with complaints of flu-like symptoms. As the health care provider, you examine his lymph nodes. Which of the following findings are considered suspicious for lymph node malignancy?
A.
C. Unilateral, hard, fixed, and nontender lymph nodes
Ch 13:
Which of the following statements is accurate?
A. Alcohol and daytime napping may precipitate the onset of cluster migraines.
B. The absence of phonophobia is characteristic of migraine headaches.
C. Tension headaches can be treated but not prevent
A. Alcohol and daytime napping may precipitate the onset of cluster migraines.
Ch 13:
Mr. Roberts, a 28-year-old patient, presents with an acute onset of neck stiffness accompanied by headache and fever. As the health care provider, you know that these symptoms occur with:
A. whiplash injury.
B. vascular headaches.
C. herniated cerv
D. meningeal inflammation.
Ch 13:
On examination of Mr. Treacher, who is a 46-year-old patient, you note a smooth, firm, fluctuant swelling on the scalp. Which of the following best describes this finding?
A. Pilonidal cyst
B. Sebaceous cyst
C. Pilar cyst
D. Follicular cyst
C. Pilar cyst
Ch 13:
Most facial bones articulate at a suture; which facial bone articulates at a joint?
A. Nasal
B. Mandible
C. Zygomatic
D. Maxilla
B. Mandible
Ch 13:
Which vein or artery runs diagonally across the sternocleidomastoid muscle?
A. Internal jugular vein
B. External jugular vein
C. Temporal artery
D. Carotid artery
B. External jugular vein
Ch 13:
Which of the following statements warrants an immediate referral?
A. "This is the worst migraine of my life."
B. "This is the worst headache I've had since puberty."
C. "I have never had a headache like this before; it is so bad I can't function.
C. "I have never had a headache like this before; it is so bad I can't function.
Ch 13:
Palpable lymph nodes that are nonsuspicious are described as:
A. nontender, discrete, and mobile.
B. nontender, discrete, and fixed.
C. tender, mobile, and soft.
D. nontender, nonmobile, and firm.
A. nontender, discrete, and mobile.
Ch 13:
Cephalic asymmetry after a vertex delivery is usually due to one of these conditions: (1) edema of the scalp or (2) bleeding into the periosteum. What is the name of the first condition?
A. Caput succedaneum
B. Craniosynostosis
C. Molding
D. Cephal
A. Caput succedaneum
Ch 13:
Bleeding into the periosteum during birth is known as:
A. caput succedaneum.
B. craniosynostosis.
C. molding.
D. cephalhematoma.
D. cephalhematoma.
Ch 13:
Enlargement of the lymph nodes due to infection, allergy, or neoplasm is called:
A. lymphadenitis.
B. lymphoma.
C. lymphadenopathy.
D. lymphedema.
C. lymphadenopathy.
Ch 13:
A significant increase in the size of the thyroid gland due to hyperthyroidism or hypothyroidism is called:
A. thyroiditis.
B. goiter.
C. thyroid nodule.
D. parotiditis.
B. goiter.
Ch 13:
Mrs. Unger brings her newborn infant in for a first office visit. During the assessment, you note the presence of a halo of light when transilluminating the skull. This is indicative of:
A. edema of the soft tissues.
B. bleeding into the periosteum
C. loss or thinning of the cerebral cortex.
Ch 13:
Kyphosis of the spine is common with aging. To compensate, older adults will:
A. increase their center of gravity.
B. extend their heads and jaws forward.
C. stiffen their gait.
D. shuffle
B. extend their heads and jaws forward.
Ch 13:
Hydrocephalus is associated with:
A. excessive accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid drainage.
B. increased intracranial pressure.
C. head enlargement.
D. All of the above.
D. All of the above.
Ch 13:
An elongated head, massive face, coarse facial features, and a prominent nose, lower jaw, and eyebrow ridge are associated with:
A. excess growth hormone.
B. thyroid deficiency.
C. dopamine deficiency.
D. excess corticotropin hormone.
A. excess growth hormone.
Ch 13:
Features of cachexia include sunken eyes, hollow cheeks, and an exhausted, defeated expression. A cachectic appearance accompanies:
A. scleroderma, hypothyroidism, and endogenous obesity.
B. anorexia nervosa and acute malnutrition.
C. cancer, dehyd
C. cancer, dehydration, and starvation.
Ch 13:
Mr. Drinker is a 34-year-old patient who comes to the clinic for a routine examination. During the assessment, you note an enlarged skull, thickened cranial bones, and coarse facial features. As the health care provider, you know that excessive sec
B. acromegaly.
Ch 13:
Mrs. Navarro brings her 3-year-old son in for a first visit to your office. As the health care provider, you note the following on examination: narrow palpebral fissures, epicanthal folds, and midfacial hypoplasia. These symptoms are characteristic
B. fetal alchohol syndrome.