Heart
hollow muscular organ that is located in the left side of the thoracic cavity
Apex of the heart
tip of the heart that is pointed towards the sternum
endocardium
inner most later of teh heart
myocardium
heart muscle
pericardium
fibrous sac surronding the heart
pericardial cavity
cavity between the pericaridum and epicardium that contains percardial fluid
pericardial fluid
reduces friction within the pericardium by lubricating the epicardial surface
atria
upper chambers of the heart that receive blood from elsewhere and direct it to the ventricles
ventricles
lower chambers of the heart that receive blood from the atrium and direct it elsewhere
tricuspid valve
directs blood flow one line the right atrium and to the right ventricle
pulmonic valve
directs blood from the right ventricle through the pulmonary artery (lungs)
mitral (bicuspid) valve
directs blood from the left atrium to the left ventricle
aortic valve
directs blood from the left ventricle through the aorta (body)
arteries
carry oxygenated blood away from the heart and toward the body
veins
carry deoxygenated blood to the heart to be sent to the lungs
capillaries
tiny vessels that exchange gases with the body's tissues
vena cava
transport deoxy blood from the body to the right atrium
pulmonary arteries
transport deoxy blood from the left ventricle to the lungs
pulmonary veins
transport oxy blood from the lungs to the left atrium
aorta
directs oxy blood from the left ventricle to the body
pulses
can be felt in the arterial vasculature and are the results of arterial expansion as blood is forced through the vessel
blood
fluid portion of teh circulatory system that transports many things, including nutrients, cells, and gases
brachycardia
heart rate below 50bpm
chest pain
sensation of chest discomfort, pressure, heaviness, etc
dizziness
sensation that the room is spinning
dyspnea
shortness of breath
dyspnea on exertion
shortness of breath on exertion
extremity sweilling/peripheral edema
collection of fluid in any extremity
high blood pressure
blood pressure above 120/80
orthopnea
shortness of breath that worsens lying supine
palpitations
abnormal heart beat
paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea (PND)
sudden awakening at night with dyspnea
platypnea
shortness of breath that worsens sitting up
syncope
brief loss of consciousness
tachycardia
heart rate about 100 bpm
bruit
abnormal sound of arterial blood flow due to a partial blockage
edema
swelling of various parts of the body due to water retention
gallop
extra heart sound (S3 or S4) (S1 and S2 are normal)
hepatojugular reflux (HJR)
jugular distension elicited by applying pressure to the liver
jugular vein distension (JVD)
disension of the internal jugular vein on either side of the neck
murmur
abnormal heart sound caused by blood flowing across an abnormal valve
pericardial friction rub
velcro-like heart sound heard when there is excess fluid in the pericardial sac
telangiectasia
small dilated blood vessels near the surface of the skin and mucous membranes
varicose veins
veins that have become enlarged and tortuous
venous stasis
poor blood flow that causes chronic discoloration/skin changes to the lower legs
ablation
chemical or electrical termination of a faulty electrical pathway in the heart
angiography
using dye and xrays to visualize blood vessels and organs
cardiac stents
hollow tubes placed into the coronary arteries to keep them open
cardiac catheterization
inserting a catheter into the heart for diagnosis and/or intervention
cardioversion
using drugs or electricity to convert an irregular rhythm into normal sinus rhythm
coronary artery bypass graft (CABG)
heart bypass to restore blood flow to an obstructed area
echocardiogram
ultrasound of the heart
electrophysiology (EP) study
testing the electrical conduction system of the heart
endarterectomy
removal of plaques from the lining of an artery
hickman catheter
venous catheter inserted at the base of the neck
holter monitor
portable device that continuously monitors the electrical activity of the heart
implantable cardiac defibrillator (ICD)
performs heart cardioversion, defibrillation, and pacing
PICC line
tube inserted into any extremity vein for ling term antibiotic therapy
sclerotherapy
injections into blood vessels to shrink them
stress test
measures the hearts' ability to respond to external stress
transesophageal echocardiogram (TEE)
ultrasound of the heart through the esophagus
valvuloplasty
heart valve repair
vena cava (greenfield) filter
implanted in the inferior vena cava to trap emboli and present pulmonary embolism
abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA)
localized enlargement of the abdominal aorta
aneurysm
bulde in the wall of a blood vessel
angina
chest pain with cardiac etiology
appendicitis
appendix inflammation
arrhythmia
irregular heartbeat
atherosclerosis
arterial wall thickening due to plaque formation
artial fibrillation
arrhythmia with a rapid and irregular heartbeat
artial flutter
arrhythmia of the hearts atria
cardiac arrest
failure of the heart to contract
cardiomyopathy
pathology of the heart muscle
congestive heart failure (CHF)
heart cannot effectively pump blood
coronary artery disease (CAD)
disease of any of the arteries of the heart
dysrhythmia
irregular heart beat
endocarditis
inflammation of the endocardium
hyperlipidemia (HLD)
elevated blood cholesterol and/or triglycerides
hypertension (HTN)
consistently elevated blood pressure
hypotension
low blood pressure
myocardial infarction (MI)
blood flow is blocked to part of the heart. causing tissue death
myocarditis
inflammation of the heart muscle
pericardial effusion
acculumation of fluid in the pericardial cavity
pericarditis
inflammation of the pericardium
peripheral artery disease (PAD)
narrowing of the extremity arteries that limits blood flow
peripheral vascular disease (PVD)
narrowing of the extremity vasculature that limits blood flow
sick sinus syndrome (SSS)
arrhythmia caused by malfunction of the sinus node
supraventricular tachycardia (SVT)
improper electrical activity causing rapid arrhythmia
valvular disease
disease of any heart valve
vasculitis
inflammation of the blood vessels
EKG/ECG (electrocardiogram)
tracing of electrical activity of heart
precordial leads
V1-V6
limb leads
I, II, III, aVR, aVL, aVF
rhythm strip
extended version of lead II at bottom of EKG
to template an EKG properly you must...
insert provider's dictated interpretation, remove contradicting statements,
EKG findings
time, rhythm
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