Normal heart sounds are caused by which of the following events?
a) excitation of the SA node
b) closure of the heart valves
c) friction of blood against the chamber walls
d) opening and closing of the heart valves
b) closure of the heart valves
Which of the events below does not occur when the semilunar valves are open?
a) ventricles are in diastole
b) blood enters pulmonary arteries and the aorta
c) AV valves are vlose
d) ventricles are in diastole
a) ventricles are in diastole
Hemorrhage with a large loss of blood causes:
a) a lowering of blood pressure due to change in cardiac output
b) a rise in blood pressure due to change in cardiac output
c) no change in blood pressure but a slower heart rate
d) no change in blood pressure
a) a lowering of blood pressure due to a change in cardiac output
The left ventricular wall of the heart is thicker than the right wall in order to:
a) accommodate a greater volume of blood
b) expand the thoracic cage during diastole
c) pump blood with greater pressure
d) pump blood through a smaller valve
c) pump blood with greater pressure
damage to the _____ is referred to as heart block
a) SA node
b) AV valves
c) AV bundle
d) AV node
d) AV node
the P wave of a normal ECG indicates:
a) ventricular repolarization
b) ventricular depolarization
c) atrial repolarization
d) atrial depolarization
d) atrial depolarization
blood within the pulmonary veins returns to the:
a) right atrium
b) left atrium
c) right ventricle
d) left ventricle
b) left atrium
small muscle masses attached to the chordae tendineae are the:
a) tranbeculae carneae
b) pectinate muscles
c) papillary muscles
d) venae cavae
c) papillary muscles
the term for pain associated with deficient blood delivery to the heart that may be caused by the transient spasm of coronary arteries is
a) ischemia
b) pericarditist
c) myocardial infarction
d) angina pectoris
d) angina pectoris
the source of blood carried to the capillaries in the myocardium would be the:
a) coronary sinus
b) fossa ovalis
c) coronary arteries
d) coronary veins
c) coronary arteries
the fact that the left ventricle of the heart is thicker than the right reveals that it:
a) pumps a greater volume of blood
b) pumps blood against a greater resistance
c) expands the thoracic cage
d) sends blood through a smaller valve
d) pumps blood through a greater resistance
which of the following factors does not influence heart rate?
a) skin color
b) age
c) gender
d) body temperature
a) skin color
which of the following is not an age related change affecting the heart?
a) atherosclerosis
b) decline in cardiac reserve
c) fibrosis of cardiac muscle
d) thinning of valve flaps
d) thinning of valve flaps
If cardiac muscle is deprived of its normal blood supply, damage would primarily result from ________.
A) decreased delivery of oxygen
B) a decrease in the number of available mitochondria for energy production
C) a lack of nutrients to feed into metaboli
A) decreased delivery of oxygen
If the length of the absolute refractory period in cardiac muscle cells was the same as it is for skeletal muscle cells ________.
A) it would be much longer before cardiac cells could respond to a second stimulation
B) contractions would last as long as t
C) tetanic contractions might occur, which would stop the heart's pumping action
Norepinephrine acts on the heart by ________.
A) decreasing heart contractility
B) causing a decrease in stroke volume
C) blocking the action of calcium
D) causing threshold to be reached more quickly
D) causing threshold to be reached more quickly
If the vagal nerves to the heart were cut, the result would be that ________.
A) the heart would stop, since the vagal nerves trigger the heart to contract
B) the heart rate would increase by about 25 beats per minute
C) the AV node would become the pacem
B) the heart rate would increase by about 25 beats per minute
Foramen ovale ________.
A) connects the two atria in the fetal heart
B) is a condition in which the heart valves do not completely close
C) is a shallow depression in the interventricular septum
D) is a connection between the pulmonary trunk and the aorta
A) connects the two atria in the fetal heart
Which vessel of the heart receives blood during right ventricular systole?
A) venae cavae
B) pulmonary trunk
C) aorta
D) pulmonary veins
B) pulmonary trunk
Which of these vessels receives blood during ventricular systole?
A) aorta only
B) pulmonary arteries only
C) pulmonary veins only
D) both the aorta and pulmonary trunk
D) both the aorta and pulmonary trunk
Which of the following is not part of the conduction system of the heart?
A) AV node
B) bundle of His
C) AV valve
D) SA node
C) AV valve
The tricuspid valve is closed ________.
A) while the ventricle is in diastole
B) when the ventricle is in systole
C) while the atrium is contracting
D) by the movement of blood from atrium to ventricle
B) when the ventricle is in systole
When viewing a dissected heart, it is easy to visually discern the right and left ventricles by ________.
A) tracing out where the auricles connect
B) noticing the thickness of the ventricle walls
C) locating the apex
D) finding the papillary muscles
B) noticing the thickness of the ventricle walls
Select the correct statement about the heart valves.
A) The mitral valve separates the right atrium from the right ventricle.
B) The tricuspid valve divides the left atrium from the left ventricle.
C) Aortic and pulmonary valves control the flow of blood
D) The AV valves are supported by chordae tendineae so that regurgitation of blood into the atria during ventricular contraction does not occur.
Select the correct statement about the function of myocardial cells.
A) The entire heart contracts as a unit or it does not contract at all.
B) Each cardiac muscle cell is innervated by a sympathetic nerve ending so that the nervous system can increase he
A) The entire heart contracts as a unit or it does not contract at all.
Select the correct statement about the structure of the heart wall.
A) The fibrous skeleton forms the bulk of the heart.
B) Connective tissue in the heart wall aids in the conduction of the action potential.
C) The heart chambers are lined by the endomysi
D) The myocardium is the layer of the heart that actually contracts.
Compared to skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle ________.
A) has gap junctions that allow it to act as a functional syncytium
B) lacks striations
C) has more nuclei per cell
D) cells are larger than skeletal muscle cells
A) has gap junctions that allow it to act as a functional syncytium
During the period of ventricular filling ________.
A) pressure in the heart is at its peak
B) blood flows passively through the atria and the open AV valves into the ventricles
C) the atria remain in diastole
D) it is represented by the P wave on the ECG
B) blood flows passively through the atria and the open AV valves into the ventricles
The second heart sound is heard during which phase of the cardiac cycle?
A) isovolumetric relaxation
B) isovolumetric contraction
C) ventricular ejection
D) ventricular filling
A) isovolumetric relaxation
The time of day most hazardous for heart attacks is ________.
A) morning
B) noontime
C) evening
D) during sleep
A) morning
If we were able to artificially alter the membrane permeability of pacemaker cells so that sodium influx is more rapid, ________.
A) threshold is reached more quickly and heart rate would increase
B) potassium channels compensate and no change in heart ra
A) threshold is reached more quickly and heart rate would increase
Select the correct statement about cardiac output.
A) A slow heart rate increases end diastolic volume, stroke volume, and force of contraction.
B) Decreased venous return will result in increased end diastolic volume.
C) If a semilunar valve were partial
A) A slow heart rate increases end diastolic volume, stroke volume, and force of contraction.
During contraction of heart muscle cells ________.
A) the action potential is initiated by voltage-gated slow calcium channels
B) some calcium enters the cell from the extracellular space and triggers the release of larger amounts of calcium from intracel
B) some calcium enters the cell from the extracellular space and triggers the release of larger amounts of calcium from intracellular stores
Isovolumetric contraction ________.
A) refers to the short period during ventricular systole when the ventricles are completely closed chambers
B) occurs while the AV valves are open
C) occurs immediately after the aortic and pulmonary valves close
D) occ
A) refers to the short period during ventricular systole when the ventricles are completely closed chambers
Commotio cordis is heart failure due to a ________.
A) mild electrical shock to the heart itself
B) severe electrical shock to the body
C) relatively mild blow to the chest that occurs during a vulnerable interval (2 ms) when the heart is repolarizing
D)
C) relatively mild blow to the chest that occurs during a vulnerable interval (2 ms) when the heart is repolarizing
To auscultate the aortic semilunar valve, you would place your stethoscope in the ________.
A) second intercostal space to the right of the sternum
B) second intercostal space to the left of the sternum
C) fifth intercostal space inferior to the left nipp
A) second intercostal space to the right of the sternum