A skull is discovered with a sharp lower border of the nose, large nasal spine, projecting nasal bridge and narrow nose. What is most likely ancestral group of this individual?
white
the upper jaw from a human skull is retrieved from a fire and its dental arch is rounded, with shovel-shaped incisors. What is the most likely ancestral group of this individual?
Asian
Which of the following would suggest to you that an innominate you found in a shallow grave could have belonged to a male?
long, narrow sacrum
which of the following is not a method for estimating the age at death of subadults?
pubic symphysis
which of the following methods for estimating the age at death of subadults is most accurate?
union of primary ossification centers
which of the following stages of epiphyseal union would appear in adults?
obliterated
which of the following characteristics of the sternal rib ends are indicative of old age?
all of the above
which of the following skeletal elements can be measured to reconstruct living stature?
all of the above
bludgeoning with a club results in _______ trauma.
blunt force
bone injury that occurs around the time of death is termed ____________ trauma.
perimortem
which of the following aspects of trauma to human bone are of interest to law enforcement?
all of the above
which of the following is an example of an infraction ?
hinge fracture
which of the following is a discontinuity?
all of the above
which of the following is a pathological fracture?
fatigue fracture
which of the following is a characteristic of forces causing trauma that refers to the size of the impact surface?
focus
which of the following is a characteristic of a projectile exit wound in bone?
outward beveling
which of the following fractures or infractions involve shattering of a bone into multiple pieces?
comminuted fracture
which of the following fractures or infractions is cause by excessive torsion applied to a bone?
spiral fracture
___________ are created by a sharp instrument drawn across a bone's surface.
incisions
which of the following wounds resulting from sharp force trauma are most likely caused by a chopping instrument?
cleft
which of the following is a characteristic of a puncture wound?
cone shaped injury penetrating bone
which of the following characteristics of clefts should forensic anthropologists explore?
all of the above
which of the following methods of strangulation can result in fracture of the greater horns of the hyoid bone?
all of the above
which of the following fractures or infractions involve an incomplete spiral or oblique fracture?
toddler's fracture
which of the following fractures or infractions involves compression along the long axis of a bone?
bow fracture
a fracture line that originates at the superior border of the eye and travels posteriorly and superior to the temporal line is being influenced by which two cranial vault buttresses?
mid frontal and anterior temporal
which of the following is a characteristic of a wound to bone caused by a grazing bullet?
keyhole shape
which of the following fracture lines is likely to occur in a skull?
radiating
a butterfly fracture is most likely to appear on which of the following bones?
femur
in cases of multiple projectile wounds, which of the following characteristics of fracture lines from a wound indicates that it was the first wound to occur?
fracture line does not end at another fracture line
which of the following could cause projectile wounds to bone?
all of the above
the parry fracture results from which direction of force?
bending
trauma that occurs before the time of death (evidence of healing) is referred to as?
antemortem
which of the following is a characteristic of postmortem damage to bone?
right angle broken surfaces
which of the following is NOT a characteristic perimortem fractures?
porosity near the break surface
a fall from a great height is likely to rest in ________ fractures?
complex
a fracture line will cross a suture, or another fracture line, and continue onward.
false
jacketed bullets are ___________ to deform on impact than a hollow-point-bullet.
equally likely
bunt force trauma can result from ____________.
all of the above
the edges of. bone in ring fractures to the skull base include ____________.
both A and B