biological physical evidence
blood, body, plants, bugs, animals
impressions physical evidence
fingerprint, shoeprint, tire tracks, handprint, footprint
manufactured physical evidence
clothing, knife, bullet, gun, jewlery
define individual characterisitics
points to one person or thing
define class characterisitics
points to a group of people/things; narrows things down
examples of individual characterisitics
DNA, fingerprints, teeth imprints, bullet striations, tool marks
examples of class characterisitics
hair color, blood type, car paint
name 5 forensic databases
1) IAFIS
2)CODIS
3)NIBIN
4)PDQ
5) SICAR
IAFIS
fingerprint; FBI database
CODIS
DNA
NIBIN
ballistics
PDQ
paint
SICAR
shoeprint
what 2 databases contain evidence with class characteristics
SICAR and PDQ
what is the difference btwn the forensic and the offender indexes in the CODIS database
forensic-unsolved crimes
offender- convicted individuals
what is crime scene reconstruction
story that supports the evidence and witness statements
who are the 3 main people/groups that are responsible for the information in the crime scene reconstruction
1)medical examiner/coroner/pathologist
2)CSI/forensic scientist
3)law enforcement/police/detective
examples of a specific task a criminalist/CSI/forensic scientist might perform in crime scene reconstruction
toxicology, DNA, . . . any branch of forensics
who takes all the info about the crime and develops the crime scene reconstruction
lawyer
who is ultimately responsible for determine the value of evidence in a trial
jury
an impression from a car tire: class or ind.
class
a fingerprint: class or ind.
individual
bullet striations: class or ind.
individual
a mass produced synthetic fiber: class or ind.
class
pieces of shredded document: class or ind.
individual
skin scrapings: class or ind.
individual
cut hair sample: class or ind.
class
physical property
describes a substance w/o reference to any other substance
chemical property
describes the behavior of a substance when it reacts or combines with another
list 5 properties of matter
temperature, weight, mass, density, refractive index
which 2 properties do not change as long as the type of sample doesn't change
density+refractive index
what is the composition of glass
1)sand (silicon oxide)
2)metal oxides
3)soda
4)lime
soda
added to lower melting point
lime
added to prevent it from dissolving in water
what are the 3 main ways to analyze glass
1) physically put it back together
2) density
3) refractive index
what are the 2 ways to determine the density of glass
1) D=M/V; water displacement
2) floatation
what is becke line
band of light along the edge of the glass that only shows up when 2 substances have diff. refractive indexs
what is the GRIM 3 system used for
matching glass with refractive index
responsibilities of medical examiner/coroner/pathologist
1)cause of death
2)identify of victim
3)injuries present
4) gather evidence for CSI
gatekeeper
judge
what is a radial crack
begins at point and radiates outward from the point of impact; occurs on side opposite of applied force
what is a concentric crack
occurs same size as force; helps determine direction of impact
what type of crack occurs first and then 2nd
radial-concentric
how can a CSI determine which direction the force was applied on glass when it was broken
find where the stress marks are perpendicular to the side of the glass
how can a CSI determine which direction a bullet traveled through a glass window
cone shaped hole; small opening is on the entrance side
how can one tell which bullet hole occurred first when examining glass
a bullet's radial fractures stop at pre-existing fractures
what is the only way to individualize a glass fragment to its source
piece the sliver of glass to others to form what it was
identification
determining a substances physical/chemical identity
comparison
determining whether 2 or more objects have a common origin
AFIS
fingerprints; state database
everything is made of building blocks...
elements
biological physical evidence
blood, body, plants, bugs, animals
impressions physical evidence
fingerprint, shoeprint, tire tracks, handprint, footprint
manufactured physical evidence
clothing, knife, bullet, gun, jewlery
define individual characterisitics
points to one person or thing
define class characterisitics
points to a group of people/things; narrows things down
examples of individual characterisitics
DNA, fingerprints, teeth imprints, bullet striations, tool marks
examples of class characterisitics
hair color, blood type, car paint
name 5 forensic databases
1) IAFIS
2)CODIS
3)NIBIN
4)PDQ
5) SICAR
IAFIS
fingerprint; FBI database
CODIS
DNA
NIBIN
ballistics
PDQ
paint
SICAR
shoeprint
what 2 databases contain evidence with class characteristics
SICAR and PDQ
what is the difference btwn the forensic and the offender indexes in the CODIS database
forensic-unsolved crimes
offender- convicted individuals
what is crime scene reconstruction
story that supports the evidence and witness statements
who are the 3 main people/groups that are responsible for the information in the crime scene reconstruction
1)medical examiner/coroner/pathologist
2)CSI/forensic scientist
3)law enforcement/police/detective
examples of a specific task a criminalist/CSI/forensic scientist might perform in crime scene reconstruction
toxicology, DNA, . . . any branch of forensics
who takes all the info about the crime and develops the crime scene reconstruction
lawyer
who is ultimately responsible for determine the value of evidence in a trial
jury
an impression from a car tire: class or ind.
class
a fingerprint: class or ind.
individual
bullet striations: class or ind.
individual
a mass produced synthetic fiber: class or ind.
class
pieces of shredded document: class or ind.
individual
skin scrapings: class or ind.
individual
cut hair sample: class or ind.
class
physical property
describes a substance w/o reference to any other substance
chemical property
describes the behavior of a substance when it reacts or combines with another
list 5 properties of matter
temperature, weight, mass, density, refractive index
which 2 properties do not change as long as the type of sample doesn't change
density+refractive index
what is the composition of glass
1)sand (silicon oxide)
2)metal oxides
3)soda
4)lime
soda
added to lower melting point
lime
added to prevent it from dissolving in water
what are the 3 main ways to analyze glass
1) physically put it back together
2) density
3) refractive index
what are the 2 ways to determine the density of glass
1) D=M/V; water displacement
2) floatation
what is becke line
band of light along the edge of the glass that only shows up when 2 substances have diff. refractive indexs
what is the GRIM 3 system used for
matching glass with refractive index
responsibilities of medical examiner/coroner/pathologist
1)cause of death
2)identify of victim
3)injuries present
4) gather evidence for CSI
gatekeeper
judge
what is a radial crack
begins at point and radiates outward from the point of impact; occurs on side opposite of applied force
what is a concentric crack
occurs same size as force; helps determine direction of impact
what type of crack occurs first and then 2nd
radial-concentric
how can a CSI determine which direction the force was applied on glass when it was broken
find where the stress marks are perpendicular to the side of the glass
how can a CSI determine which direction a bullet traveled through a glass window
cone shaped hole; small opening is on the entrance side
how can one tell which bullet hole occurred first when examining glass
a bullet's radial fractures stop at pre-existing fractures
what is the only way to individualize a glass fragment to its source
piece the sliver of glass to others to form what it was
identification
determining a substances physical/chemical identity
comparison
determining whether 2 or more objects have a common origin
AFIS
fingerprints; state database
everything is made of building blocks...
elements