In the most general sense, our system of criminal justice has three interrelated components:
the law enforcement community, courts and corrections
The two primary functions of law enforcement are
law enforcement and general community service
Law enforcement can be divided/classified as:
federal, state, local and private
is a powerful actor in the administration of justice and are expected "to see justice done" have the authority to:
Decide whether to charge or not charge a person with a crime
Decide whether to prosecute or not prosecute a case
Determine the charge
the prosecutor
The_______ Amendment to the Constitution guarantees the right to the "effective assistance" of counsel
sixth
The role of _____________ is to provide the best possible legal counsel and advocacy within the legal and ethical limits of the profession.
defense council
Defense Attorney (Three General Types)
Paid Counsel
Court appointed/Contract Attorney
Public Defender
_________ percent of criminal cases go to trial
10%
_________ percent of criminal cases are decided in a bench trial. A trial before a judge, without a jury
5%
_________ percent of criminal cases are decided in a jury trial
5%
render judgment when petty offenses are involved and set bail and conduct preliminary hearings in felony cases.
Lower courts, such as magistrate's courts, justice of the peace courts, and municipal courts,
which occupy the highest level in the state court structures, hear appeals from the trial courts and exercise restricted original jurisdiction.
Appellate courts and supreme courts
Five types of punishment typically used
in the United States
Fines
Probation/Community Corrections
Intermediate punishments
Imprisonment
Death
Parole
Purpose of Criminal Sanctions
Retribution
Deterrence
Incapacitation
Rehabilitation
is a court suspension of a prison sentence that allows the offender to remain in the community while the sentence continues
probation
the conditional release of prisoners before they have served their full sentences
parole