Gestalt Psychology
A psychological approach that emphasizes that we often perceive the whole rather than the sum of the parts.
Necker Cube
two dimensional figure of a cube that can be seen from different perspectives., An outline that is perceptually bi-stable. Unlike the situation with most stimuli, two interpretations continually battle for perceptual dominance.
Muller-lyer Illusion
A famous visual illusion involving the misperception of the identical length of two lines, one with arrows pointed inward, one with arrows pointed outward.
<--->
>---<
Hermann grid
The white kine black squares flashing dots illusion
Kanizsa Illusion
brain is biased to percieve objects when there's no object really there
Figure Ground
the organization of the visual field into objects (the figures) that stand out from their surroundings (the ground).
Law of pragnanz
states that our brain organizes patterns in the simplest way possible; principle of Gestalt psychology
Proximity
A relationship to personal space
Similarity
A law of organization that says that objects that look similar tend to be grouped together when we perceive them.
Continuity
A tendency for political preferences to remain generally stable over time.
Connectedness
Because they are uniform and linked, we perceive each set of two dots and the line between them as one unit
Closure
An ending or completion, or something that gives a sense of finality.
Visual cliff experiment
Gibson and Walk. Infants as young as 6 months usually hesitate to crawl past the apparent edge of a visual cliff, which suggests that they are able to perceive depth.
Binocular cues
Depth cues, such as retinal disparity and convergence, that depend on the use of two eyes
Monocular cues
Depth cues, such as interposition and linear perspective, available to either eye alone
Stroboscopic
The illusion of movement is produced by showing the rapid progression of images or objects that are not moving at all
Phi Phenomenon
An illusion of movement created when two or more adjacent lights blink on and off in quick succession
Shape Constancy
the tendency to interpret the shape of an object as being constant, even when its shape changes on the retina
Size constancy
Perception of an object as the same size regardless of the distance from which it is viewed
Lightness (brightness) Constancy
Refers to the fact that, despite changes in the amount of light falling on an object (illumination), the apparent lightness of the object remains unchanged.
perceptual adaptation
In vision, the ability to adjust to an artificially displaced or even inverted visual field
context effect
The tendency to recover info more easily when the retrieval occurs in the same setting as the original learning of the same info
parapsychology
the study of paranormal phenomena, including ESP and psychokinesis
telepathy
Communication from one mind to another without speech, writing, or other sensory means
Clairvoyance
apparent power to perceive things that are not present to the senses
Precognition
Perceiving future events
psychokinesis
the power to move something by thinking about it without the application of physical force