GRIT (Graduated and Recipricated Initatives in Tension)
a strategy designed to decrease international tension
Superordinate Goals
shared goals that override differences among people and require their cooperation
Social Responsibility Norm
an expectation that people will help those dependent upon them
Reciprocity Norm
an expection that people will help, not hurt, those who have helped them
Social Exchange Theory
theory that our social behavior is an exchange process, the aim of which is to the maximum benefits and mininum cost
Bystander Effect
the tendency for any givin bystander to be less likely to give aid if bystanders are present
Altruism
unselfish regard for the welfare of others
Self-Disclosure
revealing intimate aspects of oneself to others
Equity
a condition in which people receive from a relationship in proportion to what they give to it
Companionate Love
the deep affectionate attachment we feel for those with whom our lives are interwined
Passionate Love
an arouused state of intense positive absorbtion in another, usually present at the beginning of a love relationship
Mere Exposure Effect
the phenomenon that repeated exposure to novel stimuli increases liking of them
Social Trap
a situation in which the conflicting parties, by each rationally pursuing their self interest, become caught in mutually destructive behavior
Conflict
a perceived incompatibility of actions, goals, or ideas
Frustration-Aggression Principle
the princible that frustration-the blocking an attempt to achieve some goal-creates anger, which can generate aggression
aggression
a physical or verbal behavior intended to hurt or destroy
Just-World Phenomenon
the tendency of people to believe that world is just and that people therefore get what they deserve and deserve what they get
Scapegoat Theory
the theory that prejudice offers an outlet for anger by providing someone to blame
Ingroup Bias
the tendency to favor one's own group
Out Group
Them" - those perceived as different or appart from one's ingroup
Ingroup
Us" - people with whom one shares a common identity
Descrimination
unjustifiable negative behavior torwards a group or its members
Stereotype
a generalized belief about a group of people
Prejudice
an unjustifiable attitude toward a group or its member
Groupthink
the mode of thinking that occures whan the desire for harmony in a decision - making group overrides a realistic appraisal of alternatives
Group Polarization
occurs when people within a group discuss an idea that most of them either favor or oppose
Deindividuation
the loss of sef-awareness and self-restraint occuring in group situations that foster arousal and anonymity
Social Loafing
the tendency for people in a group to exert less effort when pooling their efforts torward attaining a common goal than individually accountable
Social Facilitation
stronger responses on simple or well-learned tasks in presence of others
Informational Social Influence
influence resulting dorm one's willingness to accept others' oppinion about reality
Normatives Social Influence
influence resultion from a person's desire to gain approval or avoid dispproval
Conformity
adjustion one's behavior or thinking to coincide with a groups standard
Cognitive Dissonance Theory
theory that we act to reduce the discomfort we feel when 2 of our thoughts are incosistent
Foot-In-The-Door Phenomenon
tendency for people who have first agreed to a small request to comply late with a larger request
Attitude
feelings, oftenbased on our beliefs, that predispose us to respond in a particular way to object, people, and events
Fundamental Attribution Error
tendency for pbservers, when analyzing another's behavior, to underestimate the impact of the situation and to overestimate the impact of personal disposition
Attribution Theory
suggests how we explain someones behavior - by crediting either the situation or the persons disposition
Social Psychology
the scientific study of how we think about, influence, and relate to one another
GRIT (Graduated and Recipricated Initatives in Tension)
a strategy designed to decrease international tension
Superordinate Goals
shared goals that override differences among people and require their cooperation
Social Responsibility Norm
an expectation that people will help those dependent upon them
Reciprocity Norm
an expection that people will help, not hurt, those who have helped them
Social Exchange Theory
theory that our social behavior is an exchange process, the aim of which is to the maximum benefits and mininum cost
Bystander Effect
the tendency for any givin bystander to be less likely to give aid if bystanders are present
Altruism
unselfish regard for the welfare of others
Self-Disclosure
revealing intimate aspects of oneself to others
Equity
a condition in which people receive from a relationship in proportion to what they give to it
Companionate Love
the deep affectionate attachment we feel for those with whom our lives are interwined
Passionate Love
an arouused state of intense positive absorbtion in another, usually present at the beginning of a love relationship
Mere Exposure Effect
the phenomenon that repeated exposure to novel stimuli increases liking of them
Social Trap
a situation in which the conflicting parties, by each rationally pursuing their self interest, become caught in mutually destructive behavior
Conflict
a perceived incompatibility of actions, goals, or ideas
Frustration-Aggression Principle
the princible that frustration-the blocking an attempt to achieve some goal-creates anger, which can generate aggression
aggression
a physical or verbal behavior intended to hurt or destroy
Just-World Phenomenon
the tendency of people to believe that world is just and that people therefore get what they deserve and deserve what they get
Scapegoat Theory
the theory that prejudice offers an outlet for anger by providing someone to blame
Ingroup Bias
the tendency to favor one's own group
Out Group
Them" - those perceived as different or appart from one's ingroup
Ingroup
Us" - people with whom one shares a common identity
Descrimination
unjustifiable negative behavior torwards a group or its members
Stereotype
a generalized belief about a group of people
Prejudice
an unjustifiable attitude toward a group or its member
Groupthink
the mode of thinking that occures whan the desire for harmony in a decision - making group overrides a realistic appraisal of alternatives
Group Polarization
occurs when people within a group discuss an idea that most of them either favor or oppose
Deindividuation
the loss of sef-awareness and self-restraint occuring in group situations that foster arousal and anonymity
Social Loafing
the tendency for people in a group to exert less effort when pooling their efforts torward attaining a common goal than individually accountable
Social Facilitation
stronger responses on simple or well-learned tasks in presence of others
Informational Social Influence
influence resulting dorm one's willingness to accept others' oppinion about reality
Normatives Social Influence
influence resultion from a person's desire to gain approval or avoid dispproval
Conformity
adjustion one's behavior or thinking to coincide with a groups standard
Cognitive Dissonance Theory
theory that we act to reduce the discomfort we feel when 2 of our thoughts are incosistent
Foot-In-The-Door Phenomenon
tendency for people who have first agreed to a small request to comply late with a larger request
Attitude
feelings, oftenbased on our beliefs, that predispose us to respond in a particular way to object, people, and events
Fundamental Attribution Error
tendency for pbservers, when analyzing another's behavior, to underestimate the impact of the situation and to overestimate the impact of personal disposition
Attribution Theory
suggests how we explain someones behavior - by crediting either the situation or the persons disposition
Social Psychology
the scientific study of how we think about, influence, and relate to one another