culture
the enduring behaviors, ideas, attitudes and traditions shared by a large group of people and transmitted from generation to the next
social representations
socially shared beliefs widely held ideas and values, including our assumptions and cultural ideologies
self-concept
answers the question Who am I?
self-schema
beliefs that organize and guide processing
self-reference effect
tendency to process and remember info about self
possible selves
images of futures self, good or bad
self-esteem
overall self-evaluation, sense of self-worth
social identity
the "we" of the self, affiliations, group membership
self-efficacy
self-evaluation of competence, effectiveness
self-handicapping
self-protection for later excuses
attribution theory
how people explain others' behavior
fundamental attribution error
tendency to underestimate situational influences and overestimate dispositional influences
priming
activating particular associations in memory
belief perseverance
phenomenon in which people cling to initial belief, even if it is later discredited
intuition
the unconscious, the automatic, implicit think that is effortless
heuristics
mental shortcuts that enable quick and efficient judgments
representative heuristic
tendency to presume that someone belongs to a group if resembling a typical member
availability heuristic
cognitive rule which judges likelihood of things in terms of availability in memory; if something comes readily to mind, we presume it to be commonplace
illusory correlation
perception of relationship where none exists or perception of a stronger relationship than actually exists
illusion of control
idea that chance events are subject to influence
cognitive dissonance
tension that arises when one is simultaneously unaware of two inconsistent transitions
insufficient justification effect
reduction of dissonance by internally justifying one's behavior when external justification is insufficient
self perception theory
when we are unsure of our attitude we infer them by observing ourselves
culture
the enduring behaviors, ideas, attitudes and traditions shared by a large group of people and transmitted from generation to the next
social representations
socially shared beliefs widely held ideas and values, including our assumptions and cultural ideologies
self-concept
answers the question Who am I?
self-schema
beliefs that organize and guide processing
self-reference effect
tendency to process and remember info about self
possible selves
images of futures self, good or bad
self-esteem
overall self-evaluation, sense of self-worth
social identity
the "we" of the self, affiliations, group membership
self-efficacy
self-evaluation of competence, effectiveness
self-handicapping
self-protection for later excuses
attribution theory
how people explain others' behavior
fundamental attribution error
tendency to underestimate situational influences and overestimate dispositional influences
priming
activating particular associations in memory
belief perseverance
phenomenon in which people cling to initial belief, even if it is later discredited
intuition
the unconscious, the automatic, implicit think that is effortless
heuristics
mental shortcuts that enable quick and efficient judgments
representative heuristic
tendency to presume that someone belongs to a group if resembling a typical member
availability heuristic
cognitive rule which judges likelihood of things in terms of availability in memory; if something comes readily to mind, we presume it to be commonplace
illusory correlation
perception of relationship where none exists or perception of a stronger relationship than actually exists
illusion of control
idea that chance events are subject to influence
cognitive dissonance
tension that arises when one is simultaneously unaware of two inconsistent transitions
insufficient justification effect
reduction of dissonance by internally justifying one's behavior when external justification is insufficient
self perception theory
when we are unsure of our attitude we infer them by observing ourselves