Intelligence
mental quality consisting of the ability to learn from experience, solve problems, and use knowledge to adapt to new situations
General Intelligence
a general intelligence factor that, according to Spearman and others, underlies specific mental abilities and is therefore measured by every task on an intelligence test
Gardner's 8 Intelligence
linguistic, logical/mathematics, musical, spatial, bodily, intrapersonal, interpersonal, naturalistic
Savant Syndrome
a condition in which a person otherwise limited in mental ability has an exceptional specific skill, such as in computation or drawing
Sternberg Three Intelligence
analytical, creative, practical
Analytical
academic problem solving
Creative
reacting/adaptive to new situations
Practical
required for everyday tasks
Crystallized Intelligence
one's accumulated knowledge and verbal skills tends to increase with age
Fluid Intelligence
one's ability to reason quickly and abstractly tends to decrease in adulthood
Emotional Intelligence
ability to perceive, express, understand, and regulate emotions
Intellectual Disability
limited mental ability; IQ below 70
Rosa's Law
replaces the term retardation with intellectual disability
First Intelligence Test
(Binet) asses French children likely to have difficultly in classes, to help them solve academic problems; believed bright children would perform like older, normal children
Mental Age
chronological age typical for that performance level
Stanford-Binet
widely used American revision of Binet's original test; revised by Terman at Stanford University
IQ Originally Defined
IQ= (mental age/ chronological age) x 100
IQ Today
IQ based on performance relate to others same age
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS)
most widely used intelligence test; verbal and performance
Reliability
the extent to which a test yields consistent results, as assessed by the consistency of scores on two halves of the test, or an retesting
Validity
the extent to which test measures or predicts what it is supported to
Standardization
defining uniform testing procedures and meaningful scores by comparison with the performance of a pretest group
Normal Curve
the bell-shaped curve that describes the distribution of many physical and psychological attributes
Sociopolitical Context
what questions we ask; how we interpret research results