post traumatic stress disorder
disorder which may occur after exposure to a serious traumatic event to which the child/adolescent show intense fear
school refusal
not a diagnosis but a symptom often associated with separation anxiety (refusing to go to school)
social phobia/social anxiety
persistent fear of acting in an embarrassing way in public
major depressive disorder (major depression)
primary category in DSM for depression - defined by the presence of two or more major depressive episodes
major depressive episode
period of either depressed mood or loss of interest in pleasure in nearly all things
mania
a period of abnormally elevated or irritable mood
bipolar depression
2 moods- depression and mania are displayed
oppositional defiant disorder
diagnosis applied to individuals who show a pattern of negative, hostile, and defitant behavior that is extreme
bullying
imbalance in power and involves intentionally and repeatedly causing fear, distress or harm to somone
conduct disorder
diagnosis with more severe aggression and antisocial behavior than oppositional defiant disorder - violence and property destruction may significantly impact others
violence
extreme form of physical aggresion that causes serious harm to others such as aggrevated assult, rape, robbery, homicide
substance abuse
misuse of a chemical over 12 months leading to harm
ADHD- HI (predominately hyperactive impulsive type)
meets criteria for hyperactivity-impulsivity but not criteria for inattention
ADHD-C (combined type)
meets criteria for both inattention and hyperactivity-impulsivity
ADHD-I (predominately inattentive type)
meets critera for inattention but not for hyperactivity-impulsivity
receptive language
comprehension of messages sent by others
IDEA
individuals with Disabilities Education Act
used to be called: education for all handicapped childrens Act of 1975
OCD (obsessive compulsive disorder)
obsessions and/or compulses which the sufferer realizes are irrational but continue to cause considerable distress
tics
sudden, rapid, recurrent sterotyped motor movements or vocalizations
tourette syndrome
chronic disorder with a genetic and neuroanatomical basis characterized by motor and vocal tics and related urges
primary enuresis (primary bedwetting)
if the child has never demonstrated bladder control
secondary enuresis (secondary wetting)
when the problem is preceded by a period of urinary continence
Lower SES is reported to be associated with _______ (higher or lower) _____ rates of depression
higher
instruments used to assess depression
spectrum of attributes
clinical interview
checklists
self-reports
delinquency
A legal term that refers to an illegal behavior by a person under the age of 18. Such behavior may be illegal for an adult as well (e.g., theft) or may be illegal only when committed by a juvenile (e.g., truancy)
Tricyclic antidepressants ____ been demonstrated to be effective in treating depressed youth
have not
What has "replaced" tricyclic antidepressants because seems to work better and less side effects
SSRIs
manic symptoms that may be displayed by youths with bipolar disorder
euphoric mood
irritable mood
mood swings
decreased need for sleep
unusual energy
hyperactivity
increased goal-directed activity
grandiosity
increased speech
racing thoughts
flight of ideas
distractibility
poor judgment
hallucinations
delusions
completed suicide rates get ____ with age
higher
peer status is related to depression how?
less liked/accepted children are more prone to emotional problems
essential feature of the diagnosis of conduct disorder
repetitive and persistent pattern of behavior that violates both the basic rights of others and major age-appropriate societal norms
problems with the DSM definition of conduct disorder
applying to younger children
equally applicable to both sexes
comorbidity with mental disorders
pure" ADHD seems to be the ______ rather than the _____
exception
rule
Comorbid disorders with ADHD
learning disabilities (inattention more crucially involved)
externalising disorders
internalizing disorders
Sleep problems happen often in children with ADHD. It is suggested that sleep difficulties may be due to co-occuring symptoms such as
anxiety and depression
stimultant medication
Problems in ADHD brain arousal
-inhibited executive functions and inhibition (planning, controlling)
-sensitive to reward and decreased sensitivity to punishment
-underestimating the passage of time
side effects of ADHD medications
sleep problems
decreased appetite
stomach pain
headaches
irritability
jitteriness
stunted growth
treatments for learning disabilities
interventions
specialized coping mechanisms/skills
individualized education programs
comorbid disorders with ADHD
oppositional defiant disorder
depression
anxiety
bipolar depression