LOC Chapter 2

unconsciously

adv. Without thinking, automatically

instantaneously

immediately

style

the choices a writer makes; the combination of distinctive features of a literary work

diction

the choice and use of words and phrases in speech or writing.

syntax

The arrangement of words and phrases to create well-formed sentences in a language.

precarious

Dangerous; risky; lacking in security or stability

bedraggled

wet and filthy, as though having been dragged through mud

heed

to pay attention to

treachery

betrayal of trust

stead

the place occupied by a substitute

concord

(n.) a state of agreement, harmony, unanimity; a treaty, pact, covenant

valour

great courage in the face of danger, especially in battle

exhorting

strongly encourage or urge (someone) to do something

retinue

group of followers or assistants attending a distinguished person

monarch

a ruler of a kingdom or empire

assert

state a fact or belief confidently and forcefully

disport

to divert or amuse oneself

gallantly

politely; in the manner of a gentleman

mood

Feeling or atmosphere that a writer creates for the reader

humble

having or showing a modest or low estimate of one's own importance

defiant

boldly resisting authority or an opposing force

protracted

extended in time

confers

(v) grant or bestow (a title, degree, benefit, or right). have discussions; exchange opinions.

pontificated

to speak in a pretentious manner

aspersions

attacks on a person's character or honesty; damaging or unfavorable remarks

bibliophile

a lover of books

posited

assume as a fact; put forward as a basis of argument

mandate

(n.) an authoritative command, formal order, authorization; (v.) to issue such an order

partisan

one-sided; prejudiced; committed to a party

bipartisan

Involving two political parties

refutation

The part of an argument wherein a speaker or writer anticipates and counters opposing points of view.

repudiates

to completely reject; to disown; to refuse to accept

dismal

causing gloom or misery

objectifying

degrade to the status of a mere object

freak show

Something unusual which people watch for entertainment (often used negatively).

reinscribe

to reestablish or rename in a new and especially stronger form or context

deconstruct

to break down into constituent parts; dissect; dismantle

interrogate

to ask questions, examine by questioning

linguist

a language specialist

prescriptivist

The view that language should have a strict set of rules that must be obeyed in speech and writing

descriptivist

the view that no use of language is incorrect and that variation should be acknowledged and recorded rather than corrected

jeremiad

an elaborate or prolonged lamentation; any tale of woe

degredation

a decline to a lower condition, quality, or level

extra judicium

outside of an authority of court

hack

one who forfeits professional integrity in exchange for money or reward

bureaucrat

A career government employee.

degeneration

a state of decline

sanguine

cheerful; optimistic

Personification

the attribution of a personal nature or human characteristics to something nonhuman, or the representation of an abstract quality in human form.

hyperbole

exaggerated statements or claims not meant to be taken literally.

metaphor

a figure of speech in which a word or phrase is applied to an object or action to which it is not literally applicable.

simile

A comparison using "like" or "as

parallelism

Phrases or sentences of a similar construction/meaning placed side by side, balancing each other

juxtposition

placement of two things closely together to emphasize similarities or differences

antithesis

the direct opposite, a sharp contrast

compound sentence

two or more independent clauses

Complex Sentence

A sentence with one independent clause and at least one dependent clause

periodic sentence

A sentence that presents its central meaning in a main clause at the end.

cumulative sentence

a sentence in which the main independent clause is elaborated by the successive addition of modifying clauses or phrases

imperative sentence

A sentence that requests or commands.

colloquial

Characteristic of ordinary conversation rather than formal speech or writing

slang

informal language

Imagery

Description that appeals to the senses (sight, sound, smell, touch, taste)

oxymoron

a figure of speech in which apparently contradictory terms appear in conjunction

cadence

rhythmic flow of a sequence of sounds or words

prose

written or spoken language in its ordinary form, without metrical structure.

vivacious

lively, sprightly, full of energy

defiled

polluted; dirtied

meager

Lacking in quantity or quality

abundance

a great or plentiful amount.

plight

(n.) a sorry condition or state; (v.) to pledge, promise solemnly

enfranchised

given the right to vote

enlightened

(adj.) free from ignorance and false ideas; possessing sound understanding

frivolous

(adj.) of little importance, not worthy of serious attention; not meant seriously

irrefutable

impossible to deny or disprove

exploitative

intended to take selfish advantage of a situation or person

mince words

to speak indirectly and in a moderate way for the sake of politeness

admonishing

cautioning, advising, or counseling against something; reproving or scolding, especially in a mild and good-willed manner; reminding

integral

necessary for completeness