Study of the drug that would be most or least appropriate to use for a specific disease is known as:
pharmacodynamics
The fluid most commonly sampled to characterize the pharmacological actions of drugs is:
blood
Most receptors are located on the:
cell surface
Most drug metabolism occurs in the
liver
During metabolism, before their conversion to metabolic derivatives, most drugs are acted upon by:
enzymes
Pharmacy technicians should have a basic understanding of the factors that control drug concentration at the:
site of action
Important tools used to calculate the correct dosage of drugs for children include body weight and:
body surface area
An important mechanism that affects varying drug action and metabolism is the:
first-pass effect
The initial rate of distribution of a drug is heavily dependent on the ________________ to various organs.
blood flow
Drugs must ________________ before being absorbed.
dissolve
Because they must pass through the ________________, ionized drugs are poorly distributed
blood-brain barrier
Epinephrine is frequently injected to combat anaphylactic shock but must be administered:
after shock begins
Before administering a drug, knowledge of a patient's ________________ is essential.
allergies
An enzyme that has an essential role in drug metabolism is known as:
cytochrome p-450
Any substance intended to be used to improve a physiologic or pathologic condition is known as a:
drug
A "medicine" refers to a drug mixed with other ingredients that may improve its taste, physical form, or:
stability
A sugar pill (which may be thought to be a drug by the patient) is also known as a(n):
placebo
When the body develops resistance to the effects of a drug, requiring increased dosages, the body has become ________________ to the drug.
tolerant
The speed of systemic availability depends on pharmaceutical factors and:
gastrointestinal absorption
The stomach has a(n) ________________ environment.
acidic
An empty stomach ________________ the rate of absorption for some medications.
increases
Orally administered drugs are usually absorbed in the:
upper GI tract
______________ carries blood directly to the liver.
hepatic portal circulation
Adverse drug reactions occur in people of all ages and are twice as common in:
women
________________ can occur when the body is not able to metabolize and excrete one dose of a drug before the next dose is given.
cumulative effect
Pharmacology deals with all the drugs used in society today, including prescription, legal, OTC, and ________________ drugs.
illegal
A drug that does not require a prescription but often produces tolerance is:
alcohol
Alcohol potentiates the sedating effects of certain:
tranquilizers
Toxicology can be called the study of effects of ________________ on living organisms.
poisons
Intravenous drugs bypass the process of absorption and are:
distributed throughout the body
Amphetamines are most commonly classified as which type of scheduled drug?
schedule II
Certificates of registration for pharmacist licensure are granted in most states for a period of:
1 to 2 years
Medical facilities must comply with the Bloodborne Pathogens Standard and be able to prove their compliance to:
OSHA inspectors
In the United States, drug legislation began in the:
1900s
The Comprehensive Drug Abuse Prevention and Control Act of 1970 is concerned with certain drugs called:
controlled substances
The first Pure Food and Drug Act was passed by Congress in:
1906
Diethylene glycol, the poison that caused the sulfanilamide disaster of 1937, is used today as:
antifreeze
Thalidomide was being sold as a sleeping pill outside the United States when it was discovered that the drug could harm:
fetuses during the first trimester of pregnancy
The nation's only legal drug enforcement agency is called the:
DEA
In the United States, drugs that treat diseases affecting 200,000 people or fewer are called:
orphan drugs
Which act prohibits the reimportation of a drug into the United States by anyone but the manufacturer?
prescription drug marketing act of 1987
Anabolic steroids are derived from:
hormones
OSHA's mission is to ensure:
workplace safety and a healthy workplace environment
HIPAA stands for:
health insurance portability and accountability act
All drug administration laws are initiated, implemented, and enforced by the:
FDA
The CDC's primary function is to issue:
infection control regulations
Pharmacy practice is primarily governed by:
state law
Standards of behavior and the concept of right and wrong beyond legal considerations are known as:
ethics
Drug samples
may not be sold
Which type of drug cannot be sold without a
prescription?
legend
Which types of scheduled drugs have "high abuse potential"?
schedules I and II
Which governing agency approves the investigational use of drugs on humans?
FDA
Allied health professionals must use confidentiality in all areas that concern:
medications and their administration
Which type of pharmacy requires special procedures because of the possible exposure to chemotherapy?
nuclear pharmacy
Prescription pads must be used only for:
writing prescriptions for medications
Which type of schedule drug is not approved for medical use in the United States?
schedule I
Why is heroin considered a Schedule I drug but cocaine is considered a Schedule II drug?
because cocaine has accepted medical use in the U.S., but heroin does not
Today, federal regulations prohibit the use of drugs that would be:
detrimental to consumers
Severe psychological or physical dependence may result from abuse of which of the following types of scheduled drugs?
schedule II
Which of the following types of agents are sometimes used by athletes to increase physical performance and require a prescription?
anabolic steroids
Most anatomic terms come from:
latin origins
The most common combining vowel is the letter
o
Most tablets are intended to be swallowed whole for dissolution and absorption by the:
gastrointestinal tract
The medications most commonly administered by means of troches include:
cough suppressants
Most rectal drugs offer:
systemic effects
An important cardiac glycoside is:
digoxin
Enteric coatings may be used to keep a drug from dissolving in the:
stomach
Preparations that must be shaken before being administered are known as mixtures or:
suspensions
Ophthalmic drugs must be isotonic so they do not cause:
burning
A prescription cannot be carried out if it is not:
signed by the physician
Standing orders must be backed up later by:
a written confirmation by the doctor
Alkaloids are organic nitrogen-containing compounds that are alkaline and are usually:
bitter tasting