Industrialization
The process in which a society or country (or world) transforms itself from a primarily agricultural society into one based on the manufacturing of goods and services. Individual manual labor is often replaced by mechanized mass production and craftsmen a
Labor
workers, especially manual workers, considered collectively
Growth
the process of increasing in amount, value, or importance
Union
an organized association of workers formed to protect and further their rights and interests
Strike
(of employees) refuse to work as a form of organized protest, typically in an attempt to obtain a particular concession or concessions from their employer
Pullman Strike
a nationwide railroad strike in the United States in the summer of 1894. It pitted the American Railway Union (ARU) against the Pullman Company, the main railroads, and the federal government of the United States under President Grover Cleveland
Eugene Debs
American union leader - founding member of IWW (International workers of the world)
Wage
a fixed regular payment, typically paid on a daily or weekly basis, made by an employer to an employee, especially to a manual or unskilled worker
AFL
first federation of labor unions in the United States. It was founded in Columbus, Ohio, in May 1886 by an alliance of craft unions disaffected from the Knights of Labor, a national labor association
CIO
Congress of industrial organizations - labor union that eventually merged with the AFL to form the AFL - CIO
American Railway Union
largest labor union of its time, and one of the first industrial unions in the United States
Railroads
train transport
Robber baron
an unscrupulous plutocrat, especially an American capitalist who acquired a fortune in the late nineteenth century by ruthless means
Big Business
large scale commercial or financial activity
Monopolies
exclusive possession or control of the supply in a commercial activity
Sherman Antitrust Act
federal law passed in 1890 that committed the American government to opposing monopolies. The law prohibits contracts, combinations, or conspiracies "in the restraint of trade or commerce.
Interstate Commerce Act
1887 is a United States federal law that was designed to regulate the railroad industry, particularly its monopolistic practices. The Act required that railroad rates be "reasonable and just," but did not empower the government to fix specific rate
Captain of Industry
a business leader whose means of amassing a personal fortune contributes positively to the country in some way
Urbanization
becoming more like a city
Immigration
the action of coming to live permanently in a foreign country
Tenement
a room or a set of rooms forming a separate residence within a house or block of apartments
Efficient
achieving maximum productivity with minimum wasted effort or expense
Economy
the wealth and resources of a country or region, especially in terms of the production and consumption of goods and services
Cause
a person or thing that gives rise to an action, phenomenon, or condition
Effect
a change that is a result or consequence of an action or other cause
Reform
make changes in (something, typically a social, political, or economic institution or practice) in order to improve it
Social Reform
social movement that aims to make gradual change, or change in certain aspects of society, rather than rapid or fundamental changes
Booker T Washington
African-American educator, author, orator and policy advisor to the President - fought for social reforms for African Americans during the progressive era
Jane Addams
a pioneer American settlement social worker, public philosopher, sociologist, author, and leader in women's suffrage and world peace
WEB Dubois
Du Bois was an American sociologist, historian, civil rights activist, Pan-Africanist, author and editor - leader of social reforms for African Americans during the progressive era
Margaret Sanger
American Birth Control activist, women's rights educator, and nurse
Pure Food and Drug Act
(1906) For preventing the manufacture, sale, or transportation of adulterated or misbranded or poisonous or deleterious foods, drugs, medicines, and liquors, and for regulating traffic therein, and for other purposes
Federal Reserve Act
an Act of Congress that created and established the Federal Reserve System, the central banking system of the United States of America
Clayton Antitrust Act
1914 - antitrust law with the goal of adding further substance to the U.S. antitrust law regime
Progressive Era Amendments
16th, 17th, 18th, and 19th amendments - instituting a variety of social reforms
Muckraker
reform-minded journalists who wrote largely for all popular magazines and continued a tradition of investigative journalism to bring about change in America, especially during the progressive era
Women's Suffrage
is the right of women to vote and to stand for or vote for electoral office
Trust busting
government activities seeking to dissolve corporate trusts and monopolies (especially under the United States antitrust laws
Theodore Roosevelt
leader of the Republican Party in the early 1900's - President of the United States
Woodrow Wilson
leader of the progressive movement in the early 1900's - President of the United States
William Howard Taft
27th president of the United States - progressive movement leader since the early 1900's
Granger Movement
coalition of US farmers late 1860s by farmers who called for government regulation of railroads and other industries whose prices and practices, they claimed, were monopolistic and unfair
Populist party
revolt by farmers in the South and Midwest against the Democratic and Republican Parties for ignoring their interests and difficulties
Federal Reserve
The Federal Reserve System is the central banking system of the United States. It was created on December 23, 1913, with the enactment of the Federal Reserve Act
Income Tax
tax levied by a government directly on income, especially an annual tax on personal income
Alice Paul
American suffragist, feminist, and women's rights activist, and the main leader and strategist of the 1910s campaign for the Nineteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution which prohibits sex discrimination in the right to vote
Carrie Chapman Catt
American women's suffrage leader who campaigned for the Nineteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution
suffrage
the right to vote in political elections
protest
a statement or action expressing disapproval of or objection to something
conservative
a person who is averse to change
radical
a person who advocates thorough or complete political or social reform
Bull Moose Party
formally the progressive party - us dissident faction of the republican party
Factory
a building or group of buildings where goods are manufactured or assembled chiefly by machine
Child Labor
the use of children in industry or business, especially when illegal or considered inhumane
Census
an official count or survey of a population, typically recording various details of individuals
Meat Inspection Act
to prevent adulterated or misbranded meat and meat products from being sold as food and to ensure that meat and meat products are slaughtered and processed under sanitary conditions
Direct Democracy
a form of democracy in which people decide (e.g. vote on, form consensus on) policy initiatives directly
Recall
the removal of an elected government official from office by a petition followed by voting
Referendum
a general vote by the electorate on a single political question that has been referred to them for a direct decision
Secret ballot
a ballot in which votes are cast in secret
Capital
Money that is invested to drive economic activity
Capitalism
Economic system where most businesses are for profit, led by private investors
Tammany Hall
NYC political organization
Corruption
Dishonest or fraudulent conduct by those in power
Boss Tweed
American politician
Labor rights
workers' rights are a group of legal rights and claimed human rights having to do with labor relations between workers and their employers, usually obtained under labor and employment law