(1835-1919)
1. Scottish-American industrialist, businessman, and philanthropist.
2. Led the expansion of the American Steel Industry.
3. One of the richest people in history
Andrew Carnegie
(1839-1937)
1. founded the Standard Oil Company in 1870. 2.Businessman, industrialist.
3. The Supreme Court ruled in 1911 that Standard Oil must be dismantled for violation of federal anti-trust laws (34 separate pieces).
John D. Rockefeller
(1890)
1. Anti-Trust law that regulates competition among businesses.
2. Prohibits (1) anticompetitive agreements and (2) unilateral conduct that monopolizes or attempts to monopolize the relevant market.
3. The law attempts to prevent the artificial rais
Sherman Anti-Trust Act
(1896)
1. It upheld the constitutionality of racial segregation laws for public facilities as long as the segregated facilities were equal in quality.
2. Widely regarded as the worst decision in U.S. Supreme Court history.
3. The 1954 case Brown v. Board
Plessy v. Ferguson
(Late 19th/Early 20th centuries)
1. State and local laws that enforced racial segregation in the Southern United States.
2. Enforced until 1965.
3. Upheld by Plessy v. Ferguson
4. Overruled by the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the Voting Rights Act of 1965
Jim Crow
(Populist party emerged in the early 1890's)
1. A belief in the power of regular people, and in their right to have control over their government rather than a small group of political insiders or a wealthy elite.
2. Graduated income tax, direct election
Populists
(1880's)
1. Promoted the social and cultural uplift of the working man, and rejected socialism and anarchism.
2. Its most important leaders were Terence V. Powderly and step-brother Joseph Bath.
3. In some cases it acted as a labor union, negotiating with
Knights of Labor
(Progressive era 1890-1920)
1. Characterized reform-minded American journalists who attacked established institutions and leaders as corrupt.
2. Muckraker magazines took on corporate monopolies and political machines while trying to raise public awareness
Muckrakers
(1860-1935)
1. "mother of social work".
2. In 1920 she was a co-founder for the American Civil Liberties Union.
3. First woman awarded the Nobel Peace Prize.
4. A role model for middle class women.
Jane Addams
(1862-1931)
1. African-American investigative journalist, educator, and an early leader in the Civil Rights Movement.
2. One of the founders of the NAACP.
3. In the 1890s, documented lynching in the United States, investigating frequent claims of whites t
Ida B. Wells
(1906)
1. First of a series of significant consumer protection laws which led to the creation of the Food and Drug Administration.
2. It wanted to stop the interstate spread of adulterated or mislabeled food and drug products.
3. Active ingredients must b
Pure Food and Drug Act
(President from 1901-1909)
1. A driving force for the Progressive Era in the United States in the early 20th century.
2. Top 5 best presidents.
3. Reflected three basic goals: conservation of natural resources, control of corporations, and consumer protec
Theodore Roosevelt
1. Writer.
2. Work was well known and popular in the first half of the 20th century.
3. Wrote "the jungle" (muckraking novel) which exposed labor and sanitary conditions in the U.S. meatpacking industry.
4. In 1919, The Brass Check, a muckraking expos� th
Upton Sinclair
(mid-1890s)
1. Journalism and associated newspapers that present little or no legitimate well-researched news while instead using eye-catching headlines for increased sales.
2. Techniques may include exaggerations of news events, scandal-mongering, or sen
Yellow Journalism
(January 8, 1918)
1. A statement of principles for peace that was to be used for peace negotiations in order to end World War I.
2. Outlined in a January 8, 1918 speech on war aims and peace terms to the United States Congress by President Woodrow Wilson.
Fourteen points
(1917-1920)
1. Promotion of widespread fear by a society or state about a potential rise of communism, anarchism, or radical leftism.
2. A perceived threat from the American labor movement, anarchist revolution and political radicalism (after world war 1)
Red Scare
(1920's)
1. An intellectual, social, and artistic explosion centered in Harlem, New York.
2. Considered to be a rebirth of African-American arts.
The Harlem Renaissance
(May 26, 1924)
1. A United States federal law that prevented immigration from Asia, set quotas on the number of immigrants from the Eastern Hemisphere, and provided funding to carry out the longstanding ban on other immigrants.
2. Set a total immigration
National Origins Act
1. Severe worldwide economic depression that took place mostly during the 1930s.
2. Personal income, tax revenue, profits and prices dropped, while international trade plunged by more than 50%.
3. Unemployment in the U.S. rose to 25%.
Great Depression
1. A Democrat, he won a record four presidential elections.
2. Roosevelt directed the federal government during most of the Great Depression, implementing his "New Deal" domestic agenda (relief, reform, recovery).
3. As a dominant leader of his party, he
Franklin Delano Roosevelt
1. A United States federal law of the New Deal era designed to boost agricultural prices by reducing surpluses.
2. The Government bought livestock for slaughter and paid farmers subsidies not to plant on part of their land.
3. The act created the Agricult
Agricultural Adjustment Act
(1933)
1. A federally owned corporation in the United States created to provide navigation, flood control, electricity generation, fertilizer manufacturing, and economic development to a region particularly affected by the Great Depression.
2. Result of t
Tennessee Valley Authority
(1935)
1. Primary focus to provide aid for the elderly, the unemployed, and children.
2. Industrialization and the urbanization in the 20th Century created many new social problems, and transformed ideas of how society and the government should function t
Social Security Act