Progressivism
Movement which sought to restore economic opportunities for everyone and correct injustices in American life
Jacob Riis
Muckraker who described the awful living conditions of poor people in the tenements of New York City in "How the other half lives"; led to many social reforms
Muckrakers
Journalists who wrote about the problems in America like corruption, unsanitary living conditions, and dangerous working conditions
Ida Tarbell
A leading muckraker and magazine editor, she exposed the corruption of the oil industry with her 1904 work "A History of Standard Oil
Tenement Act
(1901) law that forced landlords to install lighting in public hallways and provide a toilet for every two families
Ida Wells Barnett
An early leader in the civil rights movement, she documented the extent of lynching in the United States. She was also active in the women's rights movement and the women's suffrage movement. helped found the NAACP
W.E.B. DuBois
African American progressive who demanded social and political acceptance of African Americans. Founder of the Niagara Movement which led to the creation of the NAACP
NAACP
Organization formed to fight for the rights of African Americans
Booker T. Washington
African American progressive who demanded that African Americans better themselves individually to achieve equality (Realist)
Anti Defamation League
Organization formed in 1913 to defend Jews against physical and verbal attacks
Lincoln Steffens
Muckraking journalist who exposed the corruption of political machines in the cities in his book "The Shame of the Cities
Lochner v. New York
court refused to uphold a law limiting bakers to a 10-hour workday on the grounds that it denied workers to make contracts with their employers
Muller v. Oregon
Court upheld state law establishing a 10-hour workday for women in laundries and factories
Bunting v. Oregon
Court upheld a law that extended the protection of a 10-hour workday to men in mills and factories
Triangle Shirtwaist Fire
Worst workplace tragedy in American History until 9/11. 146 workers died. Led to more government regulation of workplace safety
I.W.W.
A radical labor organization for unskilled workers, formed by a group of unionists and socialists in 1905. Sometimes called Wobblies
17th Amendment
Allowed American voters to directly elect U.S. senators
Robert La Follette
Wisconsin governor that led the way for many progressive state reforms. Implemented plans for direct primary elections, progressive taxation, and railroad regulation
Direct Primary
An election in which party members select candidates to run in the general election
Initiative
a method of allowing voters to propose a new law on the ballot for public approval
Secret Ballot
Anonymous voting method that helps to make elections fair and honest
Florence Kelley
An advocate for improving the lives of working women and passing child labor laws
Referendum
Procedure that allows voters to approve or reject a law already proposed or passed by government
Recall
A procedure for removing a public official from office by a vote of the people
Prohibition
called for the ban on making, selling, and distributing alcoholic beverages
Woman's Christian Temperance Union (WCTU) and Anti-Saloon League
Led by Frances Willard to help push for the prohibition of alcohol and fight for women's suffrage
Carry Nation
A prohibitionist. She believedsaloons and bars should be destroyed, and was known for attacking saloons herself with a hatchet in one hand and a bible in the other
18th Amendment
Ban on sale, manufacture, and transport of alcoholic beverages. Repealed by 21st amendment
National Association of Colored Women (NACW)
campaigned for temperance and women's suffrage
15th Amendment
allowed African American men the right to vote
National Woman Suffrage Association (NWSA)
led by Susan B. Anthony that campaigned for a constitutional amendment to give women the right to vote
American Woman Suffrage Association (AWSA)
led by Henry Ward Beecher that focused on winning the right to vote for women on a state-to-state basis
National American Woman Suffrage Association (NAWSA)
led by Elizabeth Cady Stanton. The AWSA and the NWSA merged to form this group
Theodore Roosevelt
President 1901-1909
Bully Pulpit
Roosevelt's view of the White House. a owerful platform to publicize important issues and seek for his policies
Coal Strike
(1902) coal miners struck for higher wages, shorter hours, and recognition for their union. First time Federal Gov. intervened in a strike
Square Deal
Roosevelt's 1904 campaign slogan which called for limiting the power of trusts, promoting public health and safety, and improving working conditions
Sherman Antitrust Act
1890; a law that made it illegal to create monopolies or trusts that restrained free trade
Trust-Busting campaign
campaign led by Roosevelt that went after bad trusts and monopolies: ones that sold inferior products, competed unfairly, or corrupted public officials
Elkins Act
prohibited railroads from accepting rebates
Hepburn Act
strengthened the Interstate Commerce Commission, giving it the power to set maximum railroad rates
Upton Sinclair
Novelist whose 1906 book, The Jungle, depicted the unsanitary conditions at a meatpacking plant. Public outcry from the book led to consumer-protection laws
Meat Inspection Act
1906 law required federal inspection of meat shipped across state lines
Pure Food and Drug Act
1906 forbade the manufacture, sale, or transportation of food and patent medicine containing harmful ingredients
Newlands Reclamation Act
allowed federal government to create irrigation projects to make dry lands productive
Gifford Pinchot
shared Roosevelt's view of conservation and established the U.S. Forest Service
Antiquities Act
led to the creation of 18 national monuments during Roosevelt's presidency
William Howard Taft
president from 1909-1913
16th Amendment
Allowed Congress to levy a graduated tax based on an individual's income
Bull Moose Party
political party that split away from the more progressive republicans and was led by Teddy Roosevelt
Woodrow Wilson
president 1913-1921
New Freedom
plan that called for tariff reductions, banking reforms, and stronger antitrust legislation
Underwood Tariff Act
introduced a graduated income tax
Federal Reserve Act
law that created a central fund from which banks could borrow from to prevent collapse during a financial panic. Also created a 3-tier banking system
Clayton Antitrust Act
clarified and extended the Sherman Antitrust Act
Federal Trade Commision (FTC)
enforced antitrust aws and got tough on companies that used deceptive advertising
Alice Paul
broke away from NAWSA and formed National Woman's Party (NWP)
National Woman's Party (NWP)
focused on women's right to vote. They picketed the White House and went on hunger strikes in prison
19th Amendment
Amendment to the U.S. Constitution (1920) which extended the right to vote to women in federal or state elections.
Brownsville Incident
12 members of the African American 25th infantry were wrongly accused of going on a shooting spree. When none confessed, Roosevelt signed the papers so that the 167 African American soldiers were discharged
End of Progressivism
came at the start of WWI