HIST 115 Exam 1

The Pacific Telegraph Act

(1860) called for facilitation of communication between the east and west coasts of U.S.

Homestead Act

(1862) an act by congress that made public lands in the West available to settlers without payment, usually lots of 160 acres, to be used as farms

Chinese Exclusion Act

(1882) U.S. federal law prohibiting all immigration of Chinese laborers; first law implementing to prevent a specific ethnic group from immigrating to the U.S.

Sherman Antitrust Act

(1890) passed by Congress; prohibits monopolies or unreasonable combinations of companies to restrict or in any way control interstate commerce.

Dawes Act

(1887) divide the land, which was collectively owned by indigenous people, into parcels of land (individual ownership); corrupt process

Meat Inspection Act

(1906) American law that makes it a crime to adulterate or misbrand meat and meat products being sold as food, and ensures that meat and meat products are slaughtered and processed under sanitary conditions.

Pure Food and Drug Act

(1906) law passed to remove harmful and misrepresented foods and drugs from the market and regulate the manufacture and sale of drugs and food involved in interstate trade. food and drug administration

Nineteenth Amendment

Establishes women's suffrage.

Eighteenth Amendment

Establishes prohibition of alcohol.

Fifteenth Amendment

Prohibits the denial of suffrage based on race,color, or previous condition of servitude.

Fourteenth Amendment

Defines citizenship, contains Privileges or Immunities Clause,the Due Process Clause, and the Equal Protection Clause.

Platt Amendment

(1901) passed as part of the Army Appropriations Bill.

Civil Rights Act of 1875

enacted during reconstruction era in response to civil rights violations to African Americans

Espionage Act and Sedition Act

Espionage Act: (1917)
Sedition Act: (1918) extended espionage act to cover a broader range of offenses

National Origins Act of 1924

a law that severely restricted immigration by establishing a system of national quotas that blatantly discriminated against immigrants from southern and eastern Europe and virtually excluded Asians.

American Federation of Labor

national federation of labor unions in the U.S.

Farmers' Alliance

organized agrarian economic movement among American farmers that developed and flourished in 1875

Gerrymandering

a large number of minority voters strategically placed in a singular district which limits their power.

Frontier Thesis

moving frontier line and the impact it had on pioneers going through the process

Great Migration

movement of 6 million African Americans out of the rural Southern United States to the urban Northeast, Midwest, and West (1916-1970)

Horizontal Integration

the process of a company increasing production of goods or services at the same part of the supply chain. Can lead to monopoly.

Laissez-Faire

a policy of attitude of letting things take their own course, without interfering

Henry Frick

chairman of Carnegie Steel Company (Homestead strike)

Civic Housekeeping

encouraged women to become involved in municipal affairs as a matter of "civic housekeeping

Andrew Carnegie

leader of american steel industry

Plessy v. Ferguson

(1896) segregation legal as long as accommodations are equal.

Homestead Strike

A.K.A. Homestead Steel Strike; labor dispute; was an industrial lockout and strike which began on June 30, 1892, culminating in a battle between strikers and private security agents on July 6, 1892.

Populists and their policies

driven by economic issues and values like intolerance of foreigners and other religions.

William Jennings Bryan

american orator and politician; emerged as dominant force in the Democratic party. Cross of gold speech

Crazy Horse

a sioux chief; battler if little big horn

Battle of Little Big Horn

gold discovered on black hills indian reservation, whites invaded and drove them to warpath. all of colonel custer's men were killed (so was colonel custer)

Eugenics

humanity could be improved by encouraging the fittest members of society to have more children and discouraging lower members from procreating; based on pseudoscience

Redemption

The return of white supremacy and the removal of rights for blacks.
Steps to Redemption:
Weakened Republicans in Washington started to withdraw support for Republicans in South.
By 1875, only 3 state governments in South were controlled by Republicans.
Re

Settlement House

a house were immigrants came to live upon entering the U.S. First settlement house was the Hull House

Cross of Gold Speech

speech delivered by William Jennings Bryan at the Democratic National Convention in Chicago (1896). Supported bimetallism, or free silver. Opposed gold standard.

Square Deal

Government as neutral party between labor and capital; trustbusting against selected companies-focus on fairness; reform as means of blunting revolution.
the 3 c's:
1. Conservation of Natural Resources
2. Control of Corporations
3. Consumer Protection

Booker T. Washington

Former slave. Encouraged building a strong economic base. Served as important role model for later leaders of the civil rights movement.

W.E.B. DuBois

The slave went free; stood a brief moment in the sun (represents reconstruction); then moved back again toward slavery (jim crow laws).

Hetch Hetchy Valley

the federal government allowed the city of san francisco to build a dam here in 1913. This was a blow to preservationists, who wished to protect the Yosemite National Park, where the dam was located.

Ida B. Wells

african american journalist. published statistics about lynching, urged African Americans to protest by refusing to ride streetcars or shop in white owned stores.

Giffort Pinchot

the first chief of the united states forest service. Known for reforming the management and development of forests in the United States and for advocating the conservation of the nation's reserves by planned use and renewal.

Yellow journalism

journalism that exploits, distorts, or exaggerates the news to create sensations and attract readers; popularized in the late nineteenth century

Eugene V. Debs

head of the American Railway Union and director of the Pullman Strike; he was imprisoned along with his associates for ignoring a federal court injunction to stop striking. Emerged as a socialist leader in America.

Taylorism

Frederick Taylor; time and motion studies (making work much more efficient)

Haymarket Square bombing

result of extreme tensions between laborers and the wealthy business owners.

Anarchism

belief in the abolition of all government and the organization of society on a voluntary, cooperative basis without recourse to force or compulsion.

Zimmermann Telegram

hastened entry to WWI

Palmer Raids

1920 operation coordinated by Attorney General Mitchel Palmer in which federal marshals raided the homes of suspected radicals and the headquarters of radical organization in 32 cities.

Committee on Public Information

independent agency of the government of the United States created to influence public opinion to support US participation in WWI.

Sacco and Vanzetti

anarchists

The Pacific Telegraph Act

(1860) called for facilitation of communication between the east and west coasts of U.S.

Homestead Act

(1862) an act by congress that made public lands in the West available to settlers without payment, usually lots of 160 acres, to be used as farms

Chinese Exclusion Act

(1882) U.S. federal law prohibiting all immigration of Chinese laborers; first law implementing to prevent a specific ethnic group from immigrating to the U.S.

Sherman Antitrust Act

(1890) passed by Congress; prohibits monopolies or unreasonable combinations of companies to restrict or in any way control interstate commerce.

Dawes Act

(1887) divide the land, which was collectively owned by indigenous people, into parcels of land (individual ownership); corrupt process

Meat Inspection Act

(1906) American law that makes it a crime to adulterate or misbrand meat and meat products being sold as food, and ensures that meat and meat products are slaughtered and processed under sanitary conditions.

Pure Food and Drug Act

(1906) law passed to remove harmful and misrepresented foods and drugs from the market and regulate the manufacture and sale of drugs and food involved in interstate trade. food and drug administration

Nineteenth Amendment

Establishes women's suffrage.

Eighteenth Amendment

Establishes prohibition of alcohol.

Fifteenth Amendment

Prohibits the denial of suffrage based on race,color, or previous condition of servitude.

Fourteenth Amendment

Defines citizenship, contains Privileges or Immunities Clause,the Due Process Clause, and the Equal Protection Clause.

Platt Amendment

(1901) passed as part of the Army Appropriations Bill.

Civil Rights Act of 1875

enacted during reconstruction era in response to civil rights violations to African Americans

Espionage Act and Sedition Act

Espionage Act: (1917)
Sedition Act: (1918) extended espionage act to cover a broader range of offenses

National Origins Act of 1924

a law that severely restricted immigration by establishing a system of national quotas that blatantly discriminated against immigrants from southern and eastern Europe and virtually excluded Asians.

American Federation of Labor

national federation of labor unions in the U.S.

Farmers' Alliance

organized agrarian economic movement among American farmers that developed and flourished in 1875

Gerrymandering

a large number of minority voters strategically placed in a singular district which limits their power.

Frontier Thesis

moving frontier line and the impact it had on pioneers going through the process

Great Migration

movement of 6 million African Americans out of the rural Southern United States to the urban Northeast, Midwest, and West (1916-1970)

Horizontal Integration

the process of a company increasing production of goods or services at the same part of the supply chain. Can lead to monopoly.

Laissez-Faire

a policy of attitude of letting things take their own course, without interfering

Henry Frick

chairman of Carnegie Steel Company (Homestead strike)

Civic Housekeeping

encouraged women to become involved in municipal affairs as a matter of "civic housekeeping

Andrew Carnegie

leader of american steel industry

Plessy v. Ferguson

(1896) segregation legal as long as accommodations are equal.

Homestead Strike

A.K.A. Homestead Steel Strike; labor dispute; was an industrial lockout and strike which began on June 30, 1892, culminating in a battle between strikers and private security agents on July 6, 1892.

Populists and their policies

driven by economic issues and values like intolerance of foreigners and other religions.

William Jennings Bryan

american orator and politician; emerged as dominant force in the Democratic party. Cross of gold speech

Crazy Horse

a sioux chief; battler if little big horn

Battle of Little Big Horn

gold discovered on black hills indian reservation, whites invaded and drove them to warpath. all of colonel custer's men were killed (so was colonel custer)

Eugenics

humanity could be improved by encouraging the fittest members of society to have more children and discouraging lower members from procreating; based on pseudoscience

Redemption

The return of white supremacy and the removal of rights for blacks.
Steps to Redemption:
Weakened Republicans in Washington started to withdraw support for Republicans in South.
By 1875, only 3 state governments in South were controlled by Republicans.
Re

Settlement House

a house were immigrants came to live upon entering the U.S. First settlement house was the Hull House

Cross of Gold Speech

speech delivered by William Jennings Bryan at the Democratic National Convention in Chicago (1896). Supported bimetallism, or free silver. Opposed gold standard.

Square Deal

Government as neutral party between labor and capital; trustbusting against selected companies-focus on fairness; reform as means of blunting revolution.
the 3 c's:
1. Conservation of Natural Resources
2. Control of Corporations
3. Consumer Protection

Booker T. Washington

Former slave. Encouraged building a strong economic base. Served as important role model for later leaders of the civil rights movement.

W.E.B. DuBois

The slave went free; stood a brief moment in the sun (represents reconstruction); then moved back again toward slavery (jim crow laws).

Hetch Hetchy Valley

the federal government allowed the city of san francisco to build a dam here in 1913. This was a blow to preservationists, who wished to protect the Yosemite National Park, where the dam was located.

Ida B. Wells

african american journalist. published statistics about lynching, urged African Americans to protest by refusing to ride streetcars or shop in white owned stores.

Giffort Pinchot

the first chief of the united states forest service. Known for reforming the management and development of forests in the United States and for advocating the conservation of the nation's reserves by planned use and renewal.

Yellow journalism

journalism that exploits, distorts, or exaggerates the news to create sensations and attract readers; popularized in the late nineteenth century

Eugene V. Debs

head of the American Railway Union and director of the Pullman Strike; he was imprisoned along with his associates for ignoring a federal court injunction to stop striking. Emerged as a socialist leader in America.

Taylorism

Frederick Taylor; time and motion studies (making work much more efficient)

Haymarket Square bombing

result of extreme tensions between laborers and the wealthy business owners.

Anarchism

belief in the abolition of all government and the organization of society on a voluntary, cooperative basis without recourse to force or compulsion.

Zimmermann Telegram

hastened entry to WWI

Palmer Raids

1920 operation coordinated by Attorney General Mitchel Palmer in which federal marshals raided the homes of suspected radicals and the headquarters of radical organization in 32 cities.

Committee on Public Information

independent agency of the government of the United States created to influence public opinion to support US participation in WWI.

Sacco and Vanzetti

anarchists