Chapters 1, 2, 3, 4, & 5 Drug Use in Modern Society

5. Why have most drugs been derived from plant products?

many of the chemicals produced by plants as a natural defense have effects on muscles or brain chemistry

5. What is the main diferene between generic and brand name drugs

generic drugs are names ater the chemical, not a brand name.

5. Morphine can be classified as an:

Opioid

5. What is the role of a placebo in a drug study?

to test for non-specific effects of drug administration

5. A dose-response curve is:

a tool to compare the size of the response to the amount of the drug

5. Potency is measured by:

the amount of the drug required to produce and effect

5. the way a drug is introduced into the body is known as:

route of administration

5. Which route of administration delivers a drug to the brain most quickly?

inhalation

5. the time course of a drugs effect is influenced by:

the route of administration
protein binding in the blood
rate of elmination

5. The blood brain barrier's main effect is to:

prevent many drugs from reaching effective concentrations in the brain

5. learning to function under the influence of a drug is an example of:

behavioral tolerance

5. At low doses these drugs lead to relaxation, talkativenessm and eventually recklessness. As the dose is increased, reaction times slow, movements become uncoordinated and unconsciousness may occur:

depressants

5. These drugs produce a relaxed, dream-like state: a couding of consciousness without the reckless abandon produced by alcohol. At moderately high doses this kind of drug induces sleep. Regular use can lead to withdrawl effects including diarrhea, cramps

Opiods

5. The single most important type of drug interaction for psychoactive drugs is

the effect on respiration rate

5. The difference between and effective dose and a lethal dose is known as

the safety margin

5. Drugs administered by_________ result in greater brain concentrations of the druf and increase the potential for tixicity, especially in naive users:

injections

2. The U.S. attitude towards drug regulation prior to the 20th century has been described as:

laissez-faire

2. Why is physiological toxicity considered a "social" problem?

Because the impacts and costs associated with hospitals, productivity, and emergency rooms means that social systems are affected

2. DAWN is:

an effort by the federal government to monitor drug toxicity

2. A survey of intravenous drug users in several U.S. cities found HIV infection at a rate:

as high as 30% constituting a serious public health risk

2. Physical dependence is defined by:

the presence of withdrawal symptoms

2. Psychological dependence is indicated by:

the amount of time an individual spends in drug-seeking behavior

2. The reduced effect of a drug after repeated use is known as:

tolerance

2. A drug that is frequently cited as contributing to crime is:

alcohol

2. The number of arrests per year for drug-law violations currently stands at:

1.5 million

2. Which of the following was not considered a major concern in the movement towards restrictive regulations for some drugs?

tolerance

2. One country in which our drug control efforts and our other foreign policy interests have been in conflict is:

Afghanistan

2. According to the DAWN report, which drug has continued to rank in the top spot for drug-related deaths for at the least the last five years?

prescription opioids

2. An overdose of heroin can lead to what kind of toxicity?

acute physiological

3. The aims of the 1906 Pure Food and Drug Act was to:

require accurate labeling

3. The introduction of hypodermic syringe in the 1800s contributed to a condition known as:

morphinism

3. The 1914 Harrison Act served to regulate:

opioids and cocaine

3. Legal pharmaceuticals are regulated primarily by the:

FDA

3. Controlled substances are assigned to different schedules based mainly on their relative:

potential for abuse

3. Federal support for drug screening began with:

the military

3. The FDA, as part of the Kefauver-Harris amendments, began evaluating the effectiveness of drugs in:

1962

3. How much does the United States spend annually on drug-control efforts?

$15 billion

3. Federal drug control amendments in 1988 included a provision that convicted drug users could lose access to:

student loans

3. The pharmaceutical industry has grown into one of the most important sources of commerce in the world, with the U.S. market of over ...... representing over half the estimated total:

180 billion

3. The most important change to the Kefauver-Harris amendments was one requiring:

that every new drug be demonstrated to be effective for the illness mentioned on the label

3. The 1994 Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act broadened the definition of dietary supplements to include:

vitamins, minerals, proteins, herbs, and herbal extracts

3. Historically, drugs that are available by prescription are found on:

Schedule 1

1. Example of drug use is:

taking an aspirin to treat a headache, taking a dose of cough medicine, smoking marijuana

1. According to a recent survey, marijuana use among teenagers is:

currently at about 20%

1. A drug that is illegal to use or possess is defined in your text as a(n):

illicit drug

1. Which of the following is one of the Four Principles of Psychoactive Drugs described in your text?

Every drug has multiple effects, not just a single effect

1. The quality of a drug's effect depends upon

the amount the individual has taken

1. One of the key drug use-related surveys conducted by the federal government is:

The National Survey on Drug Use and Health

1. One good way to determine why a person is using a drug is to:

ask about where and when they use it

1. Which of the following is an example of a protective factor for drug use?

Being committed to school

1. Socioeconomic status is a significant correlate to drug and alcohol use

True

1. What year did marijuana use in the US peak before beginning a steady decline?

1980

1. Taking four 200 mg tablets of ibuprofen for a nagging headache instead of the manufacturer's indented dose of one tablet every 4-6 hours is best defined in your text as

misuse

1. The National Survey on Drug Use and the Monitoring the Future Project both cite which of the following as the most commonly used illicit drug?

Marijuana

4.The chemicals that are released from one neuron to activate a nearby neuron are called:

neurotransmitters

4. Specialized structures that recognize neurotransmitter molecules and cause a change in the electrical activity in the neuron when activated are:

receptors

4. The nervous system can be roughly divided into these three components:

CNS, ANS, SS

4. Muscular tremors and rigidity in Parkinson's disease results from damage to which one of the following?

nigrostriatal dopamine pathway

4. Psychoactive drugs work by:

A and C

4. The branch of the autonomic system that stimulates digestion, slows the heart, and has other effects associated with a relaxed physiological state is the ______ branch.

parasympathetic

4. The tendency of living systems to maintain body environment and functions such as temperature, water balance, and blood pressure within a narrow range is known as:

homeostasis.

4. Which of the following is NOT a neurotransmitter?

insulin

4. The basal ganglia's main functions relate to:

muscle tone and learning

4. In conducting studies using neuroimaging techniques, it is important to:

also examine the behavior of interest.

4. ___________ are the primary elements of the nervous system responsible for analyzing and transmitting information

neurons

4. Which of the following is not the main characteristic of glia?

receives signals

4. Drugs, such as amphetamines, that activate the sympathetic branch to produce the "fight or flight" response are also referred to as

sympathomimetic drugs

4. An example of one neurotransmitter that is often called inhibitory and thus makes a cell less excitable is

GABA

4. Hallucinogenic drugs, such as LSD, are believed to work by influencing __________ pathways

serotonin